[extropy-chat] Milk -> Parkinson Disease?

[Ian Goddard]

Neurology (Mar 22 2005): "OBJECTIVE: To examine the
relation between milk and calcium intake in midlife
and the risk of Parkinson disease (PD). [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that milk intake is
associated with an increased risk of Parkinson
disease. Whether observed effects are mediated through
nutrients other than calcium or through neurotoxic
contaminants warrants further study."

http://calorierestriction.org/pmid/?n=15781824

The full study does not mention the following research
which might be relevant given that milk contains
lactoferrin (aka, lactotransferrin) which may play a
contributory role in PD neurodegeneration:

Acta Neuropathol 1996: "These results suggest that
lactotransferrin may participate actively in the
mechanism of neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's
disease."

http://calorierestriction.org/pmid/?n=8781654

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995: "These data suggest
that lactoferrin receptors on vulnerable neurons may
increase intraneuronal iron levels and contribute to
the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in
Parkinson disease."

http://calorierestriction.org/pmid/?n=7568181

Brain Res Brain Res Rev 1998: "New findings on the
role of LfR (lactotransferrin receptor) [...] in brain
iron transport, obtained during the past 3 years, are
important advances in the fields of physiology and
pathophysiology of brain iron metabolism. According to
these findings, disruption in the expression of these
proteins in the brain is probably one of the important
causes of the altered brain iron metabolism in
age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including
Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's
disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis."

http://calorierestriction.org/pmid/?n=9729418

Brain Research 1994: "The iron-binding protein
lactotransferrin is present in pathologic lesions in a
variety of neurodegenerative disorders [...] An
excessive accumulation of lactotransferrin, as well as
transported iron and aluminum, may lead to a cytotoxic
effect resulting in the formation of intracellular
lesions and neuronal death."

http://calorierestriction.org/pmid/?n=7953673

Biochemistry 2003: "Lactoferrin has previously been
identified in amyloid deposits in the cornea, seminal
vesicles, and brain. We report in this paper a highly
amyloidogenic region of lactoferrin (sequence of
NAGDVAFV) [...] forms amyloid fibrils at pH 7.4 when
incubated at 37 degrees C. [...] We suggest that such
a process could be generally important in the
formation of amyloid fibrils in vivo since the
identification of both full-length protein and protein
fragments is common in ex vivo amyloid deposits."

http://calorierestriction.org/pmid/?n=12525164


http://IanGoddard.net

Inductive inference underlies all empirical thought:
"All inferences from experience suppose, as their
foundation, that the future will resemble the past,
and that similar powers will be conjoined with similar
sensible qualities. If there be any suspicion, that
the course of nature may change, and that the past may
be no rule for the future, all experience becomes
useless, and can give rise to no inference or
conclusion." David Hume 


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