[ExI] Charging stations standardisation.

[BillK]

All EVs sold in USA now use the Tesla-developed NACS connector.
Though there is an ongoing conversion problem facing older vehicles
and charging stations that will take a few years to complete.
BillK

>From Perpleity AI -
 NACS (North American Charging Standard) - Also known as J3400, this
Tesla-developed connector is rapidly becoming the new industry standard.

The Transition to NACS
Starting with the 2025 model year, nearly all major automakers have
committed to adopting NACS instead of CCS1, making a significant shift
in the industry. Most recently, in November 2025, Stellantis became
the last major automaker to announce its adoption of NACS across
select battery-electric vehicles in North America, Japan, and South
Korea. This brings access to more than 28,000 Tesla Superchargers to
Stellantis vehicle owners.

The federal government has endorsed this transition. In December 2023,
the U.S. government publicly endorsed NACS, and the Federal Highway
Administration announced plans to integrate the NACS standard into
eligibility criteria for federal charging infrastructure funding.
Additionally, as of May 2023, federally funded fast-charging stations
must have CCS1 capability, but they can also have NACS adapters
installed.

The Reality: Multiple Standards Persist
Despite the industry shift, charging infrastructure remains
fragmented. Many existing charging stations still have CCS1 ports, and
some still include CHAdeMO connectors. Even with NACS becoming the
standard for new vehicles and infrastructure, the transition away from
CCS1 will take considerable time as older vehicles and existing
charging networks continue to operate.

Backward Compatibility and Adapters
To bridge the gap during this transition period, Tesla has retrofitted
many Supercharger stalls with updated electronics to support both
existing protocols and new ones, allowing compatibility with
CCS1-equipped vehicles. Additionally, adapters are available to allow
current owners to charge at stations with different connectors, though
full-power adapters may have speed limitations depending on their
design.

The consolidation toward NACS represents a significant step toward
standardization, but complete uniformity across all USA charging
stations remains a work in progress that will take several years to
fully realize.
---------------------