<DIV>UPI Exclusive: Bush OKs new moon missions<BR><BR>By FRANK SIETZEN JR. AND KEITH L. COWING, United Press International<BR><BR>WASHINGTON, Jan. 8 (UPI) -- American astronauts will return to the moon<BR>early in the next decade in preparation for sending crews to explore <BR>Mars<BR>and nearby asteroids, President Bush is expected to propose next week <BR>as<BR>part of a sweeping reform of the U.S. space program.<BR><BR>To pay for the new effort -- which would require a new generation of<BR>spacecraft but use Europe's Ariane rockets and Russia's Soyuz capsules <BR>in<BR>the interim -- NASA's space shuttle fleet would be retired as soon as<BR>construction of the International Space Station is completed, senior<BR>administration sources told United Press International.<BR><BR>The visionary new space plan would be the most ambitious project <BR>entrusted<BR>to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration since the Apollo <BR>moon<BR>landings of three decades ago. It commits the
United States to an <BR>aggressive<BR>and far-reaching mission that holds interplanetary space as the human <BR>race's<BR>new frontier.<BR><BR>Sources said Bush's impending announcement climaxes an unprecedented <BR>review<BR>of NASA and of America's civilian space goals -- manned and robotic. <BR>The<BR>review has been proceeding for nearly a year, involving closed-door <BR>meetings<BR>under the supervision of Vice President Dick Cheney, sources said. The<BR>administration examined a wide range of ideas, including new, reusable <BR>space<BR>shuttles and even exotic concepts such as space elevators.<BR><BR>To begin the initiative, the president will ask Congress for a down <BR>payment<BR>of $800 million for fiscal year 2005, most of which will go to develop <BR>new<BR>robotic space vehicles and begin work on advanced human exploration <BR>systems.<BR>Bush also plans to ask Congress to boost NASA's budget by 5 percent <BR>annually<BR>over at least the next five years, with all of the
increase supporting <BR>space<BR>exploration. With the exception of the Departments of Defense and <BR>Homeland<BR>Security, no other agency is expected to receive a budget increase <BR>above<BR>inflation in FY 2005.<BR><BR>Along with retiring the shuttle fleet, the new plan calls for NASA to<BR>convert a planned follow-on spacecraft -- called the orbital space <BR>plane --<BR>into versions of a new spaceship called the crew exploration vehicle. <BR>NASA<BR>would end substantial involvement in the space station project about <BR>the<BR>same time the moon landings would begin -- beginning in 2013, according <BR>to<BR>an administration timetable shown to UPI.<BR><BR>The first test flights of unmanned prototypes of the CEV could occur as <BR>soon<BR>as 2007. An orbital version would replace the shuttle to transport<BR>astronauts to and from the space station. However, sources said, the <BR>current<BR>timetable leaves a period several years when NASA would lack manned
<BR>space<BR>capability -- hence the need to use Soyuz vehicles for flights to the<BR>station. Ariane rockets also might be used to launch lunar missions.<BR><BR>During the remainder of its participation in space station activities,<BR>NASA's research would be redirected to sustaining humans in space. <BR>Other<BR>research programs not involving humans would be terminated or <BR>curtailed.<BR><BR>The various models of the CEV would be 21st century versions of the <BR>1960s<BR>Apollo spacecraft. When they become operational, they would be able to<BR>conduct various missions in Earth orbit, travel to and land on the <BR>moon,<BR>send astronauts to rendezvous with nearby asteroids, and eventually <BR>serve as<BR>part of a series of manned missions to Mars.<BR><BR>Under the current plan, sources said, the first lunar landings would <BR>carry<BR>only enough resources to test advanced equipment that would be employed <BR>on<BR>voyages beyond the moon. Because the early moon missions would
use <BR>existing<BR>rockets, they could deliver only small equipment packages. So the <BR>initial,<BR>return-to-the-moon missions essentially would begin where the Apollo<BR>landings left off -- a few days at a time, growing gradually longer. <BR>The<BR>human landings could be both preceded and accompanied by robotic <BR>vehicles.<BR><BR>The first manned Mars expeditions would attempt to orbit the red planet <BR>in<BR>advance of landings -- much as Apollo 8 and 10 orbited the moon but did <BR>not<BR>land. The orbital flights would conduct photo reconnaissance of the <BR>Martian<BR>surface before sending landing craft, said sources familiar with the <BR>plan's<BR>details.<BR><BR>Along with new spacecraft, NASA would develop other equipment needed to<BR>allow humans to explore other worlds, including advanced spacesuits, <BR>roving<BR>vehicles and life support equipment.<BR><BR>As part of its new space package, sources said, the administration will<BR>convene an unusual presidential
commission to review NASA's plans as <BR>they<BR>unfold. The group would consider such factors as the design of the<BR>spacecraft; the procedure for assembly, either in Earth orbit or lunar<BR>orbit; the individual elements the new craft should contain, such as<BR>capsules, supply modules, landing vehicles and propellant stages, and <BR>the<BR>duration and number of missions and size of crews.<BR><BR>Sources said Bush will direct NASA to scale back or scrap all existing<BR>programs that do not support the new effort. Further details about the <BR>plan<BR>and the space agency's revised budget will be announced in NASA <BR>briefings<BR>next week and when the president delivers his FY 2005 budget to <BR>Congress.<BR><BR>--<BR><BR>Frank Sietzen Jr. covers aerospace issues for UPI Science News. Keith <BR>L.<BR>Cowing is editor of NASAWatch.com and SpaceRef.com. E-mail<BR><A
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