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This plant is also a prime source of cruciferous phase 2 enzymes.
<p>Anders Sandberg wrote:
<blockquote TYPE=CITE>>From my blog, preaching to the choir here:
<p><a href="http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&cid=585&e=1&u=/nm/20040127/sc_nm/arms_denmark_landmines_dc">http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&cid=585&e=1&u=/nm/20040127/sc_nm/arms_denmark_landmines_dc</a>
<br>Yahoo! News - Flower-Power Could Help Clear Land mines
<p>A very nice biotech application, a plant that changes color in the
<br>presence of nitrogen dioxide, marking where mines are buried in the
soil.
<br>The plant, the beloved Arabidopsis thaliana, has been modified by Aresa
<br>Biodetection. Since the plant can be made male sterile or reproduction
<br>limited to in the presence of a growth hormone concerns about spreading
<br>can be ameliorated. But is that the right solution? Maybe we should
allow
<br>it to spread wildly instead.
<p>The careful approach of first clearing the land, then sowing the plant,
<br>waiting, and then removing the mines and planting something else, might
<br>work where the mine density is fairly high and doing this kind of clearing
<br>has few other effects. But in many places clearing the land would cause
<br>severe erosion, and if the mine density is low it would be a very
<br>expensive way of finding them (although likely better than plenty of
other
<br>high-tech solutions, and of course safer than having people poke with
<br>sticks). The method is not presented as a panacea, and it isn't.
<p>But what if modified Arabidopsis (that is also clearly visible as
<br>modified, e.g. by leaf shape) is simply spread and allowed to grow
freely?
<br>That would be an extremely cost effective way of finding out the presence
<br>of those truly unexpected mines and marking them.
<p>The ecological risk of the change appears low. Most likely the normal
<br>strain has an advantage over the modified strain since it adapts to
stress
<br>by changing color (an evolved response that presumably is an advantage)
<br>while the modified strain won't do it except near mines. And if other
<br>species were to pick up the mine detecting effect, it would actually
<br>extend the benefit. Anthocyanins are even antioxidants , so it might
be a
<br>good thing if they get into food :-)
<p>Of course, the political climate in the West is likely mostly against
<br>this. But if the choice is between a potential, vague and likely very
<br>small ecological risk and the real and serious effect of land mines,
the
<br>only thing the precautionary principle tells us is to add safeguards
to
<br>the modified plant, not to avoid spreading it. Those holding the
<br>bioconservative view that nature should not be tampered with under
any
<br>circumstances, they need to explain how the tampering done by slowly
<br>decaying landmines (not to mention their human cost) is less than the
<br>change in coloration behavior of a plant.
<p>There are many more likely practical showstoppers - can the seeds be
<br>produced cheaply, will the plant thrive in affected areas, can people
<br>reliably use it to find mines and so on. And in many situations other
<br>methods are still superior. But I think we should carefully consider
one
<br>day releasing this kind of safeguard plants deliberately into the
<br>environment. If our environment could clearly signal pollution or danger
<br>it would be far easier to protect - and it would protect us better
too.
<p>--
<br>Anders Sandberg
<br><a href="http://www.nada.kth.se/~asa">http://www.nada.kth.se/~asa</a>
<br><a href="http://www.aleph.se/andart/">http://www.aleph.se/andart/</a>
<p>The sum of human knowledge sounds nice. But I want more.
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