Ok Spike, that helps.<br><br>The cable idea is interesting too. What about tossing down a grappling hook or some rocket propelled pitons that embed themselves in the surface of the planet. Attach them to some spider-silk (like?) cables that have lots of stretch to them. You could even gang them in sequence so just as the spacecraft reaches is 200+g deceleration limit (or the cable snaps) a second, third, etc. cable which is unstretched kicks in to continue the deceleration process.
<br><br>Now, with regard to the hydrodynamic impact regime, I don't care if I'm above the heat limits of whatever hits the planet. Its fine if a large fraction of it vaporizes upon impact (thats what happens to most, if not all heat shields that use atmospheric deceleration. The mass being vaporized has to be less than the mass of fuel one would need to decelerate (or does it depend upon the Isp of the deceleration method?).
<br><br>There are two different problems. Problem 1. Decelerate the probe to a speed without subjecting the hardware to greater g forces than they can withstand. I think to a significant extent this may depend upon the thickness of the design. If the probe is very flat then you don't have the problem of non-decelerated material crushing the material which is between it and the surface. Problem 2. Shield the probe from the heat generated during the vaporization of most of the impact/heat shield. Now, if one has a heat shield with very low heat conductivity it is going to take some time for it to burn away upon impact. This gives one time to launch the probe away from the hot zone. So the probe either has to be landing on springs or has to launch itself back off of the surface to sufficient height to avoid the "hot zone" until things cool down enough (or perform a second landing someplace away from the impact crater). In this case one only has to carry enough propellent to get a slight liftoff (which on Pluto I suspect isn't very much). The timing of all of this is presumably critical. But even if you convert all of the shield material into a plasma you don't do that instantaneously.
<br><br>As I think I pointed out earlier -- even when meteorites hit the Earth there is *still* something left with an unmodified crystal structure. Now, whether that is true about meteorites hitting the moon I am less certain. But meteorites are rather stupid when it comes to avoiding long residence times within a hot plasma. Another point to reinforce this would be that ~40 tons of the ~92 ton Columbia were recovered. Some of them were in *quite* intact [1]. Outside of the box thinking is what is needed here. What about explosive airbag deployment *after* most of the deceleration has been done but before the heat conduction begins to fry the probe (in effect bouncing you out of the crater)?
<br><br>Robert<br><br>1. <a href="http://www.floridatoday.com/columbia/anniversary/columbiastory2201DEBRIS.htm">http://www.floridatoday.com/columbia/anniversary/columbiastory2201DEBRIS.htm</a><br>