A combination of an article about the "equity risk premium" in the NY Times today [1] combined with recent comments by Hal, Jef & others on voters betting on past performance has caused me to consider governments, finance, the singularity, etc. in a general way that raises some interesting questions.
<br><br>The "equity risk premium" is the effective yield difference between stocks and bonds due to the risk associated with the different investment type. For example, because corporations can have a bad year (declining sales and/or profits during a recession or depression) or worse yet go bankrupt (think Enron) stocks have to have a higher effective yield than bonds (where you are "guaranteed" to get back your original investment). This concept gets extended across the entire financial market into everything from P-to-E ratios in stocks (companies with rapidly growing sales and earnings have high P-E ratios) to bond yields (from say
U.S. Government T-bills to corporate junk bonds). People unfamiliar with these concepts may wish to glance at [2 or 3].<br><br>The perception of government security explains why government bonds are yielding ~4.5% while corporate bonds are in the 5+% range. This gets extended into equities but is more complex depending on whether the companies are good credit risks or bad credit risks balanced with perceived corporate earnings growth rates.
<br><br>So let us setup a scenario. One day we have robust nanotechnology. People spend $5.00 and buy their 10 kg of nanorobots and start them building their Sapphire Mansion. Since they don't have to work they aren't paying any income taxes. Government income tax revenue rapidly falls. So there is some quick reengineering of the tax code and all the governments shift to VATs. But there isn't much worth buying because the raw materials for food, the mansion, etc. are as free as "air", "dirt", and "seawater".
<br><br>The point being that governments in general have little that can be used as a revenue source other than perhaps a real estate tax or a head tax. People avoid those by constructing and moving to their own personal yacht in international waters. Eventually these might band together forming larger structures/organizations (Extropy Island, United City States of Extropy, etc.).
<br>Really no more need for governments because presumably everyone in my city state is a close personal friend of (or clone of) myself. One can carry on this scenario in various ways... banding together to defend oneself against FAIs, migrating away from Earth or the solar system if various nations, individuals, collectives try to imprison and/or otherwise impose their will upon the individuals, etc.
<br><br>One of the primary consequences during this transition is that government backed bonds become essentially worthless. Current housing becomes relatively worthless as well other than perhaps the intrinsic value of the solar, wind, or geothermal energy the land provides. The only thing which might have some value is the rapidly growing companies producing cool nanotech designs to keep the nanorobots occupied or perhaps very creative media/entertainment conglomerates who can sell products to humans unable to otherwise entertain themselves. So people holding "bonds" will watch their value evaporate while people will investing in rapid growth companies on the leading edge may have some ROI for at least a few years. As people have more and more free time the entertainment providers have a market but this is probably brief. Eventually the supply so significantly exceeds the demand that one will have to pay people to watch, read, etc. whatever one produces. (You can start to see signs of now with things like game consoles priced below production costs, people enticing others to come read their blog, etc.) This suggests a brief period when bonds must become increasingly shorter term and must provide increasingly higher yields while equities are perceived as increasingly less risky investments. Eventually it is questionable whether bonds or equities will even survive. There will only be finance markets oriented towards the small communities that simply must have the latest bling bling which requires financing a large quantity of nanorobots on loan for a brief peiod.
<br><br>Questions that arise are?<br>1) When will the equity risk premium "flip" (i.e. equities trade at discounts to bonds because they are safer)?<br>2) Are there "idea futures" on when this will happen?
<br>3) When will politicians begin selling themselves based on these concepts? [I think this takes one form which is to mortgage the country to the hilt (perhaps as the U.S. is doing) because it will never be able to pay back things like 30 year bonds *or* another form where one becomes "corporate" America which sells equity in the companies which have the greatest near term growth prospects instead of bonds.] Note that this a significant shift away from selling on the basis of past performance towards a selling on the ability to eliminate death and taxes.
<br>4) How will perceptions of this transition impact the rate at which the singularity happens? [Current bond holders may wish to postpone it as long as possible.]<br><br>Robert<br><br>Some background:<br><br>1. D. Altman, "Why Do Stocks Pay So Much More Than Bonds?", NY Times (26 Feb 2006).
<br><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/26/business/yourmoney/26view.html?pagewanted=print">http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/26/business/yourmoney/26view.html?pagewanted=print</a><br>2. <a href="http://http://www.fool.com/school/basics/basics05.htm">
http://www.fool.com/school/basics/basics05.htm</a><br>3. <a href="http://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/110503.asp">http://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/110503.asp</a><br><br>