<br>I hadn't looked at this recently and was surprised when I did so I thought I would share it. Apparently there has been a lot of work done on the genetics of Autism & Asperger's Syndrome. Currently NLM OMIM is listing at least 10 chromosome locations involving susceptibility to autism including 3 which are X-linked (perhaps explaining why it is more common among men). Asperger's has a list of gene locations almost as long with significant overlap with the Autism genes. Some of the locations have been pinned down to specific genes some have not.
<br><br>I have recently been investigating some critical DNA repair genes and so I was looking at the Human HapMap for variation in those genes. The people working on the HapMap have nicely classified mutations into "green" and "red" variations (green not resulting in a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein, red causing a change in the amino acid sequence). As it turned out in the 8 genes I looked at, the average was 4+ *red* variations *per* gene! [1] (And these are core DNA repair genes -- you can't vary them much without really messing things up. Genes which have a lesser impact on the survival of the organism could vary much more.)
<br><br>This isn't the junk DNA -- this is the actual hardware that goes to make up your computer's instruction set. So given 10+ genes involved in these conditions we are talking about 40+ variations (which could be present in a wide range of combinations) in this set of genes which seems to involve fundamental differences in neuronal architecture and functioning.
<br><br>So even though the people across the diner table from you, sitting next to you in the car, walking all around the airport may look like you, walk like you and if you are lucky talk like you, they are only "like" you in the sense that the are more like you than they are like Sandi [2].
<br><br>Robert<br><br>1. The extent to which the change of a single amino acid alters the function of a protein varies. Some changes have only a minor effect. Other changes can alter function significantly or make the protein completely dysfunctional. One would tend to believe that variations which are common in the human HapMap would tend to be on the minor to middle of harm range. But the effects might be masked by the other "good" copy of the gene (protein). It isn't clear what impacts one gets if one is producing 50% "bad" and 50% "good" protein copies particularly with an organ as complex as the brain.
<br>2. <a href="http://www.discoverchimpanzees.org/chimps/sandi_bio.php">http://www.discoverchimpanzees.org/chimps/sandi_bio.php</a><br>