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Message: 2<br>
Date: Thu, 12 Apr 2007 00:42:36 -0400<br>
From: Samantha Atkins <<a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="mailto:sjatkins@mac.com">sjatkins@mac.com</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [extropy-chat] A Grim Vision ...?<br>
To: ExI chat list <<a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>><br>
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On Apr 11, 2007, at 8:45 PM, Morris Johnson wrote:<br>
<br>
><br>
> We need not look farther than the massive trial of bio-energy this<br>
> year in North American agriculture.<br>
<br>
Basing bio-energy largely on corn will be a colossal failure with the<br>
side-effect of driving various food costs higher. A later side-<br>
effect will be a lot of farming business problem, calls for subsidies<br>
and bail outs and so on. It is very predictable<br>
<br>
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br>
<a href="http://www.lter.umn.edu/">http://www.lter.umn.edu/</a><br>
<br>
has links to the original papers on this page.<br>
<br>
Research on prairie biofuels recently published in the journal Science! Abstract Full Text Supplement<br>
Research on biofuels published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Text Supplement<br>
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+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br>
<br>
Science 8 December 2006:<br>
Vol. 314. no. 5805, pp. 1598 - 1600<br>
DOI: 10.1126/science.1133306<br>
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Prev | Table of Contents | Next<br>
Reports<br>
Carbon-Negative Biofuels from Low-Input High-Diversity Grassland Biomass<br>
David Tilman,1* Jason Hill,1,2 Clarence Lehman1<br>
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Biofuels derived from low-input high-diversity (LIHD) mixtures of
native grassland perennials can provide more usable energy, greater
greenhouse gas reductions, and less agrichemical pollution per hectare
than can corn grain ethanol or soybean biodiesel. High-diversity
grasslands had increasingly higher bioenergy yields that were 238%
greater than monoculture yields after a decade. LIHD biofuels are
carbon negative because net ecosystem carbon dioxide sequestration (4.4
megagram hectare–1 year–1 of carbon dioxide in soil and roots) exceeds
fossil carbon dioxide release during biofuel production (0.32 megagram
hectare–1 year–1). Moreover, LIHD biofuels can be produced on
agriculturally degraded lands and thus need to neither displace food
production nor cause loss of biodiversity via habitat destruction.<br>
<br>
1 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.<br>
2 Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.<br>
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* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <a href="mailto:tilman@umn.edu">tilman@umn.edu</a><br>
<br>
Globally escalating demands for both food (1) and energy (2) have
raised concerns about the potential for food-based biofuels to be
sustainable, abundant, and environmentally beneficial energy sources.
Current biofuel production competes for fertile land with food
production, increases pollution from fertilizers and pesticides, and
threatens biodiversity when natural lands are converted to biofuel
production. The two major classes of biomass for biofuel production
recognized to date are monoculture crops grown on fertile soils (such
as corn, soybeans, oilseed rape, switchgrass, sugarcane, willow, and
hybrid poplar) (3–6) and waste biomass (such as straw, corn stover, and
waste wood) (7–9). Here, we show the potential for a third major source
of biofuel biomass, high-diversity mixtures of plants grown with low
inputs on agriculturally degraded land, to address such concerns.<br>
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<br>
<br>
><br>
> Fertilizer takes petroleum. Crops can go to food or fuel subject<br>
> only to market drivers.<br>
> crop Inputs are being diverted to energy over food.<br>
<br>
Do your bio-energy as much as possible using fast growing weeds that<br>
take little in the way of such inputs.<br>
<br>
&&&&&<br>
In effect synthetic prairie is just that a complete ecosystem,<br>
a swiss army knife of crops , so to speaK...MFJ<br>
&&&&&&<br>
<br>
> Some food sectors will have to adjust economics, marketing, or<br>
> simply reduce available food supply.<br>
<br>
Yep, as long as we are stupid enough to turn a primary, relatively<br>
high input, food into ethanol.<br>
<br>
&&&&&&&&<br>
On this front the scams have had great success and 200 ethanol plants are<br>
built or will be by year end. However most of them can be rebuilt<br>
for cellulosic ethanol. The ethanol waste products can be<br>
feedstocks for other bioproduct streams. <br>
I am as frustrated as you, in that people bought into the right thing<br>
but for all the wrong reasons.<br>
But in this case the right reasons were not saleable to investors and<br>
politicians. <br>
<br>
Perhaps longevity and H+ industry ramp up can learn from this.<br>
People seem to like death and are uncomfortable with the responsibilities<br>
that go with living long enough to have to live with the consequences of <br>
your human footprint.<br>
<br>
Proper commercialization strategy for H+ is really neat because it ought to be a way for<br>
extropians to profit from a new tech wave.<br>
<br>
However even deep pockets kurzweil has a teeny tiny $ at risk foootprint.<br>
Something is not quite right with this picture......?<br>
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<br>
<br>
<br>
> North americans will not starve in 2007, but will consumers revolt,<br>
> will changes to diet occur , will consumption patterns and<br>
> personal budget decisions adjust and if so how fast?<br>
> The other question is .. how stable a long term pattern is this.<br>
> Is it a paradigm shifted or a fad?<br>
<br>
It is a meaningless sop that will enrich many "in the know" and<br>
various opportunists while in the long run making a valid timely<br>
energy solution less likely in the US. DOA<br>
<br>
> Is the shift just starting with more evolution on the way or is it<br>
> more fixed in stone?<br>
><br>
<br>
Fixed in stone? Only until the next Directive comrade.<br>
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- samantha<br>
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