<div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Jun 17, 2009 at 12:48 AM, <span dir="ltr"><natasha@natasha.cc></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
Hayles set it up and academia too a big bite into her literary theory of the posthuman. Fukuyama brought posthuman into ethics and policy of human futures without knowing what it means, or transhumanism for that matter. Ever since, there has been a growing interest among academics (and others) to turn the posthuman into a theory, and now a philosophy.<br>
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There are many similarities in posthumanism's advocates' ideas and suggested findings. Many of these similarities link directly to transhumanism.
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</blockquote></div><br>I think it is difficult to make a comparison. Apples to oranges.<br><br>Transhumanism, thank to the vision of some individuals, a few pivotal works, and some organised efforts, developed into a proper "culture", not to mention an active movement, with relatively well-defined boundaries, a shared jargon and mentality, and a "social", albeit small, following. Philosophy is only one of the field where it expresses itself, and by far not the main one.<br>
<br>I would say that posthumanism is instead a broad definition encompassing the various stances of intellectuals and philosophers, mostly European or deeply influenced by the European academic scene, who think that old "humanist" views should be revised, and possibly overcome. <br>
<br>This is already an opportunity for misunderstanding, since AFAIK "humanism" is a word that in the US common usage has strong secular undertones, which are almost entirely absent, e.g., in Italy (where "christian humanism" is a very widespread phrase), so that in the US to speak of "posthumanism" may suggest a going back to thinly disguised religious views. Add to that the perspectivist and relativist penchant adopted by many "posthumanists" and this is bound to generate a wariness by many transhumanists who may implicitely or explicitely adhere to more "neopositivistic" attitudes, especially at an epistemological or political level. Especially given the undeniable temptations in close quarters to slip in oracular nonsense, cosmic pessimism, and anti-science postures (see, e.g., <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Fashionable-Nonsense-Postmodern-Intellectuals-Science/dp/0312204078/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1245243331&sr=1-1">Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals' Abuse of Science</a> <span class="ptBrand">by Alan Sokal and Jean Bricmont</span><span class="binding">)</span><br>
<br>Having said that, my personal opinion that posthumanism and transhumanism besides the differences of nature and language are already strictly intertwined by their ultimate roots and by the basic idea that a fixed, essentialist, specieist view of the man, which we inherit from judeochristianism, is not adequate any more to epochal changes currently in place, namely those which pertains to the impact of technology on our own worldview, life and destiny. And that a posthuman changed should be embraced. This is very explicit also in American posthumanism, and I routinely recommend to everybody in this respect <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Viroid-Life-Perspectives-Nietzsche-Transhuman/dp/0415154359/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1245240711&sr=8-1">Viroid Life: Perspectives on Nietzsche and the Transhuman Condition</a> <span class="ptBrand">by Ansell Pearson as well as </span><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Posthumanism-Readers-Cultural-Criticism-Badmington/dp/0333765389/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1245240769&sr=8-1">Posthumanism (Readers in Cultural Criticism)</a> <span class="ptBrand">by Neil Badmington.</span><br>
<br>Moreover, even though some routine criticism of a few "philosophically naive" traits of popular transhumanism exists in most of the authors concerned, bridges already exist, and become ever more numerous.<br>
<br>To make a few examples, I think that it is difficult not to consider explicitely transhumanist the positions taken by Peter Sloterdijk on evolution, biotech and reprogenetics, positions which did not go unremarked by the neoluddite camp and unleashed a harsh response. See the very controversial "Rules for the Human Park" (in German included in <a href="http://www.amazon.de/Nicht-gerettet-Versuche-nach-Heidegger/dp/3518412795/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1245240293&sr=1-1"><span class="srTitle">Nicht gerettet: Versuche nach Heidegger</span></a>, in Italian in <a class="ahhb" href="http://www.ibs.it/code/9788845212093/sloterdijk-peter/non-siamo-ancora-stati.html">Non siamo ancora stati salvati. Saggi dopo Heidegger</a>, and published alone in Spanish, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Normas-parque-humano-Biblioteca-Ensayo/dp/8478445358/ref=sr_1_15?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1245240134&sr=1-15">Normas para el parque humano</a>, and in French, <a href="http://www.amazon.fr/R%C3%A8gles-pour-parc-humain-lhumanisme/dp/2842054636/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1245240559&sr=8-1">Règles pour le parc humain : Une lettre en réponse à la Lettre sur l'humanisme de Heidegger</a>; in English? no chance... :-(<br>
<br>In France, to mention very diverse writers, the proto-transhumanist penchant of Lyotard (see <a href="http://www.amazon.fr/Moralit%C3%A9s-postmodernes-Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois-Lyotard/dp/2718606827/ref=sr_1_11?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1245241130&sr=1-11">Moralités postmodernes</a>, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Postmodern-Fables-Jean-Francois-Lyotard/dp/0816625557/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1245241268&sr=8-8">Postmodern Fables</a>) has repeatedly remarked in our camp, e.g., by Riccardo Campa in <a href="http://www.uomo-libero.com/articolo.php?id=407">Dal postmoderno al postumano. Il caso Lyotard</a>, and also come to mind Yves Christen (<a href="http://www.amazon.fr/ann%C3%A9es-Faust-science-face-vieillissement/dp/2710704706/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1245241025&sr=1-8">Les années Faust, ou, La science face au vieillissement</a>, <a href="http://www.amazon.fr/Lhomme-bioculturel-Yves-Christen/dp/2268004384/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1245241025&sr=1-4">L'homme bioculturel</a>, <a href="http://www.amazon.fr/Lanimal-est-il-personne-Yves-Christen/dp/2081224879/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1245241025&sr=1-1">L'animal est-il une personne ?</a>) as well as Guillaume Faye (see especially the seminal <a href="http://www.uomo-libero.com/images/file/heidegger_faye.html">Pour en finir avec le nihilisme. Heidegger et la question de la technique</a> [full-text], in Italian <a href="http://www.uomo-libero.com/articolo.php?id=369">Per farla finita con il nichilismo. Heidegger e la questione della tecnica</a>). The latter, who also discussed transhumanist subjects both of a "wet" and a "hard" nature in L'archéofuturisme (in Italian <a href="http://www.uomo-libero.com/articolo.php?id=313">Archeofuturismo</a> [full text]), accepted to write the appendix to my own book <i><a href="http://www.biopolitica.it">Biopolitica. Il nuovo paradigma</a> </i>(full text), that is <a href="http://www.biopolitica.it/biop-appendice.html">La soluzione di di Prometeo</a> (<a href="http://www.uomo-libero.com/articolo.php?id=312#SOLUTION">La solution de Promethée</a>), and is now about to publish a long essay on Futurismo e modernità in the third issue/volume of <a href="http://www.divenire.org">Divenire. Rassegna di studi interdisciplinari sulla tecnica e il postumano</a>, the peer-reviewed "unmagazine" on paper of the <a href="http://www.transumanisti.it">Associazione Italiana Transumanisti</a>. Lastily a study in French of ideas and fashions that can be found at the crossroad of posthumanism and transhumanism is the subject matter <a href="http://www.amazon.fr/utopies-posthumaines-Contre-culture-cyberculture-culture/dp/2916097015/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1245243496&sr=1-1">Les utopies posthumaines : Contre-culture, cyberculture, culture du chaos</a> <span class="ptBrand">de Rémi Sussan, who I believe might be reading this list.</span><span class="binding"></span><br>
<br>Coming to Italy, a very influential representative of posthumanist thinking, besides of course... yours truly ;-), is Roberto Marchesini who wrote the fundamental <a class="ahhb" href="http://www.ibs.it/code/9788833913797/marchesini-roberto/post-human-verso-nuovi-modelli.html">Post-Human. Verso nuovi modelli di esistenza</a>, where he distanced himself a little from American transhumanism, only to become at a later stage a honorary member of the AIT itself, the author of an article (Oltre il mito della purezza) published again by Divenire, in <a href="http://www.sestanteedizioni.com/index.php?pagename=product_info&products_id=198">its second issue/volume</a>, and probably to be one of the speaker at Transvision 2010. <br>
<br>Of course, the language, approach and primary concerns of all those thinkers and writers is quite different from that of, say, Ray Kurzweil or Gregory Stock or our Damien Broderick.<br><br>But I am absolutely persuaded that a significant chunk of posthumanist ideas have transhumanism as their only consistent conclusion.<br>
<br>-- <br>Stefano Vaj<br>