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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> extropy-chat-bounces@lists.extropy.org [mailto:extropy-chat-bounces@lists.extropy.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>John Clark<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [ExI] Help with freezing phenomenon.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Jan 27, 2011, at 12:04 AM, spike wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-style-span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Then a second synchronized and 180 degrees out of phase microwave source could be injected from the other direction. [...] </span></span>We could experiment with this theory by scavenging a couple of magnetrons<o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-style-span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>from two identical junky old microwave ovens.</span></span><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I don't see how that could work with a magnetron, I think you'd need a coherent beam from a microwave LASER, a MASER; although a Klystron might be good enough<span style='color:#1F497D'>…</span>John K Clark<span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Ja agreed, but I now think there are better ways to accomplish the same thing, which is to avoid microcracking the outer layers of the brain by inducing it to freeze from the inside first. This was I think the spirit of Jeff Davis’ original question regarding the thermal conductivity of water vs. ice.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Suppose we supercooled the brain slightly to about -5C, perhaps by immersion of the patient’s head in a saline solution or a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or blood for instance. When the head is uniformly slightly supercooled, we put the container with the head in solution on a turntable and spin at some moderate rate of say ~100 RPM. The centrifugal force would cause the pressure at the center of the brain to be lower than at the periphery, so the freezing initiates there. The heat of fusion from freezing is steadily drawn out of the solution, and the ice forms at the interface between frozen and nonfrozen brain tissue, so the brain freezes from inside to out. No shell freezing and cracking that way. The freezing point is lower toward the outer regions of the brain since it is under slightly more pressure, but not a lot of pressure. Just enough to depress the freezing point a couple degrees, so that it freezes last at a temperature of perhaps -8C.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>For high end Ted Williams-ish patients who insist on full body cryonics, that procedure could actually be used without severing the head. A full body could be immersed and placed on a turntable, the brain frozen inside out.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>spike<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div></body></html>