<div class="gmail_quote">2011/12/30 Tara Maya <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:tara@taramayastales.com">tara@taramayastales.com</a>></span><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div style="word-wrap:break-word">There seems to be folk psychology, shared by all humans, that distinguishes body from soul. Different cultures, of course, talk about the soul in different ways, some have more than one level, some link it to breath, others to blood or possession by a totem animal or god, etc. but nonetheless, all human cultures agree that there is some additional component to a human being than just a body...and often this component is seen as being uniquely human. When it is seen as belonging to animals or trees as well, it is because those animals or trees are also anthropomorphized. (As in cultures where bears or jaguars are viewed as ancestors who were once human, to take just one of many examples.)<div>
<br></div><div>It is striking that this belief in a soul is so pervasive. Twentieth century science discovered how the soul can be real without being anything besides brain matter. Brain matter is the substrate, personality is the program. But some materialists have taken this to mean that the soul (or psyche or personality or memes) cannot be separated from the body. </div>
<div><br></div><div>This is where most transhumanists disagree. Why could the program not be run on a different substrate?</div></div></blockquote><div><br>Yes, the real point is that if a belief in the existence of a "soul" is generalised to the point where it actually recovers all the relevant concepts throughout cultures and history, I think that even transhumanists can be comfortable with it, even though obviously not with some specific versions thereof.<br>
<br>As Kurzweil himself clearly, albeit somewhat implicitely, remarks in <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Are-We-Spiritual-Machines-I/dp/0963865439/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1325337170&sr=8-1">Are We Spiritual Machines?</a> "materialism" itself falls within the dualist mentality and philosophy. Who actually does or should care whether my atoms in a seven years time are entirely replaced? <br>
<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div></div><div>I actually think one would have an easier time interesting Aristotle or Plato in the transhumanist project than extreme materialists. In fact, I think to most pre-modern peoples, the idea that one could, with the right tool, take the soul out of one kind of body and put it into another kind of body would be self-evident.</div>
</div></blockquote><div><br>Absolutely. Yet, I am not sure that extension of "soul" to all animals, or living things, or even things tout court, was just the product of anthropomorfism. Hindous themselves, who are certainly closer than we are to the original indo-european worldview, still have no problem with that. And neither do I, albeit obviously in a "perspectivist" rather than "objectivist" sense (of course a river does not exhibit any actual "consciousness", but there is nothing wrong that my psychology is inclined to grant him an "identity" of sort, and to organise my perception and comprehension of the world around some implicit panpsychism).<br>
<br></div></div>-- <br>Stefano Vaj<br>