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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> extropy-chat-bounces@lists.extropy.org [mailto:extropy-chat-bounces@lists.extropy.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Stefano Vaj<br><b><span style='color:#1F497D'>…</span></b></span><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>>>…</span>Natasha flew to England to defend her dissertation last week. <o:p></o:p></p></div></blockquote><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>>…</span>I love such anglo-saxon archaisms, in Italy we merely *present* them, but this sounds much more, well, doctoral. :-)<span style='color:#1F497D'> </span>-- Stefano Vaj<span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I disagree so much Stefano. The more active verb “defend” is the right word, for it is much more wonderfully descriptive of the exhausting and rigorous process of getting the highly esteemed doctoral degree. There is nothing passive about that course of study. Over the years, requirement inflation has caused students to take longer and longer to achieve that level. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Stanford for one of many such examples, has created a de facto coalition with the defense industry for voluntary slave labor reseachers from among the talented graduate students, in an arrangement that is clearly beneficial to Stanford and the biz, and arguably the student. Arrangements are made for a pittance of a stipend, sufficient for survival but not for living in luxury. Plenty of graduate students find they rather enjoy the intellectual stimulation and (ahem) *<b>scenery</b>* of campus life, and cheerfully accept the lifestyle restrictions, sometimes taking nearly a decade to finish the doctoral degree, displaying no great urgency to graduate.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Still, when that time eventually arrives to defend that dissertation, the battle can be understandably fierce. The number of PhDs awarded is necessarily kept low, and only the good ones will do.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>spike<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></body></html>