On Tue, Sep 18, 2012 Anders Sandberg <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:anders@aleph.se" target="_blank">anders@aleph.se</a>></span> wrote:<br><div class="gmail_quote"><br><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex" class="gmail_quote">
> Freezing did cause a mess due to crystal formation and cracking, and is still mechanically a bit nasty, but I don't think (cryo-gurus please chime in) it causes regions to scramble. They just turn to puzzles.<br>
</blockquote><br>If its scrambled then we're dead, literally, but I think you're probably right and fixing a frozen brain is more like gluing the parts of a broken vase together than unscrambling a egg; I certainly hope so!<br>
<br><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex" class="gmail_quote">> The biochemical changes of both processes are hard to judge, but this is where I would be most worried: the brain is dependent on a lot of biochemical states that might only partly survive either treatment.<br>
</blockquote><br>Well, if molecule X and molecule Y got together and produced molecule Z and you find Z then you can deduce that X and Y must have existed and been close together at a previous time, and if X was one of the chemicals used to preserve the brain then your only concern will be Y and where it was before the reaction. I'd be much more worried about turbulence, if a particle got where it was by a turbulent fluid flow then I don't think even Nanotechnology could figure out where it was originally.<br>
<br><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex" class="gmail_quote">> This is where I really would like to know how much happens in a synapse, in particular to whether receptors remain bound to membranes<br>
</blockquote><div><br>It doesn't matter if a receptor in a synapse is no longer bound to the membrane provided you can figure out that it must of been bound there in the past and you can make that deduction with a reasonable number of computations; in other words if the fluid flow that pushed that receptor out of place was laminar, if it was turbulent then you're dead.<br>
</div><br><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex" class="gmail_quote">> In freezing mobility of stuff goes down a lot quickly, while I get the impression the fixation is a bit slower.<br>
</blockquote><br>My intuition tells me the opposite, that the chemical reaction of the fixation chemical would start to hold things in place faster than the increased viscosity caused when water temperature is slowly decreased, and the decrease would be slow because the brain is a large bulky object so you can't cool things off super fast; and the phase change when water turns to ice worries me, I don't think it would induce turbulence but I'm not sure. And my intuition could be entirely wrong.<br>
<br><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex" class="gmail_quote">> Then there is the problem of chemical change in fixed tissue<br></blockquote><br>But those chemical reactions fix things in place, and you know the chemical used, so you should be able to run the movie backward without needing a absurd amount of computations as you'd need if you wanted to run turbulence backward. At least I think it wouldn't be absurd, I hope so anyway.<br>
<br><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex" class="gmail_quote">> I don't know if anything diffuses much, but that is worth watching for.<br></blockquote>
<br>Although in some ways based on randomness tiny changes in initial conditions don't lead to huge changes in outcome after diffusion, in fact a living brain relies on diffusion to get neurotransmitters to cross the synapse, its a dependable process. The real enemy is chaotic fluid flow, turbulence.<br>
<br>John K Clark<br><br> <br></div>