<div dir="ltr">On Tue, Aug 27, 2013 at 5:11 PM, Anders Sandberg <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:anders@aleph.se" target="_blank">anders@aleph.se</a>></span> wrote:<br><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote">
<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
> Now, I am all happy with saying intelligent life might be rare. But given the growth of cephalization on Earth and the fact that there are several species that show a not insignificant problem-solving capability that could perhaps evolve into true intelligence in a few ten million years, it seems hard to argue that the step from life to intelligence is *that* low probability. <br>
</blockquote><div><br></div><div>Of course it's hard to draw conclusions from just one example but it's possible that the probability of intelligent life evolving is astronomically low, by astronomical I mean biology may be able to come up with numbers just as big (or small) as astronomy can. By "intelligent life" I mean something smart enough to make tools to make tools, and by that criteria intelligent life happened just once on planet Earth, and very very recently too.<br>
<br>Flight evolved independently at least 4 times in insects, birds, bats, and pterosaurs; and the eye evolved independently dozens of times, but intelligence only happened once. And it took 4 1/2 billion years to go from the beginning of the sun and of the earth to intelligence, if it had taken just 800 million years longer intelligent beings would be getting started just when life of any sort would no longer be possible on the earth because the sun would be getting off the main sequence. <br>
<br>Some say starting life must be pretty easy because on earth the first life appeared just a few hundred million years after the earth did, but the people saying that are from a planet that produced intelligence, it could be astronomically unlikely for life to start so quickly but if it didn't there would be no hope of producing intelligent life. And it could be equally unlikely to evolve Eukaryote cells from Prokaryote cells, or multicellular creatures from single Eukaryote cells. And if an asteroid hadn't hit the earth 66 million years ago the human race would not be here, maybe dinosaurs would have gotten smart and be programing computers today, but I doubt it. <br>
<br></div><div>On the other hand maybe intelligence is common but self limiting, if it is it's probably because it obtains access to its emotional control panel. If so then the end result of intelligence is always exactly the same no matter where it springs up, a billion year long orgasm.<br>
<br></div><div> John K Clark <br></div><div><h1 id="firstHeading" class="" lang="en"><b><br></b></h1></div><div> </div></div></div></div>