<html>
  <head>
    <meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
      http-equiv="Content-Type">
  </head>
  <body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 2013-11-25 15:23, spike wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:00aa01cee9f2$4b931190$e2b934b0$@att.net"
      type="cite">
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
        charset=ISO-8859-1">
      <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 14 (filtered
        medium)">
      <style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
        {font-family:Calibri;
        panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
        {font-family:Tahoma;
        panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
        {font-family:Consolas;
        panose-1:2 11 6 9 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
        {margin:0in;
        margin-bottom:.0001pt;
        font-size:12.0pt;
        font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
        color:black;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
        {mso-style-priority:99;
        color:blue;
        text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
        {mso-style-priority:99;
        color:purple;
        text-decoration:underline;}
pre
        {mso-style-priority:99;
        mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted Char";
        margin:0in;
        margin-bottom:.0001pt;
        font-size:10.0pt;
        font-family:"Courier New";
        color:black;}
span.HTMLPreformattedChar
        {mso-style-name:"HTML Preformatted Char";
        mso-style-priority:99;
        mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted";
        font-family:Consolas;
        color:black;}
span.EmailStyle19
        {mso-style-type:personal-reply;
        font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
        color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
        {mso-style-type:export-only;
        font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
        {size:8.5in 11.0in;
        margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
        {page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
      <div class="WordSection1"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext"></span><br>
        <div>
          <div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF
            1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">>…</span>There
              are other expanding liquids like beryllium difluoride, but
              most are elements like silicon, bismuth, antimony, gallium
              and plutonium<span style="color:#1F497D">…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Ja.  I
                can’t think of any life forms that depend on that
                oddball characteristic of water ice.  Perhaps the
                remarkable thing here is that with all the ice on this
                planet, there are no known (to me) life forms that use
                it in its solid phase.  One would think there would be a
                snow eater somewhere.  Clearly it wouldn’t be to extract
                energy from the water (ground state compound) but rather
                some kind of life form that can plant itself in snow and
                use sunlight.</span></p>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    There are algae that thrive not just on or under sea-ice, but in it:
    <a href="http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/essay_krembsdeming.html">http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/essay_krembsdeming.html</a><br>
    Also, some animals have adapted to freezing in order to (I assume)
    get a first shot at good locations: <a
      href="http://science.whoi.edu/labs/pinedalab/Subpages/larvaeinice.html">http://science.whoi.edu/labs/pinedalab/Subpages/larvaeinice.html</a><br>
    <br>
    But note that they do not eat snow - it would need to provide so
    much energy per volume eaten that it counteracts the energy required
    to melt it, and that is a pretty tall order.<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:00aa01cee9f2$4b931190$e2b934b0$@att.net"
      type="cite">
      <div class="WordSection1">
        <div>
          <div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF
            1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">>…</span>
              Even I agree that a planet with plutonium oceans is
              unlikely to be habitable for life. -- Dr Anders Sandberg<span
                style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I
                learned a new thing by thinking about this.  There is an
                isotope of plutonium which is non-fissile, 244.  Get a
                sphere of the stuff, heat it to 900 and some Kelvin, you
                have an ocean of plutonium, with radioactive particles
                up the kazoo but no fission.  Until Anders’ offhanded
                comment about an ocean of plutonium, I never knew there
                was such a critter.  Ain’t science kewallll?  {8-]</span></p>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    Sounds like a great practical joke to do when re-engineering a solar
    system. A hot ecology based on plutonium as a solvent for some weird
    metal-oxide biochemistry/mechanochemistry. <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Dr Anders Sandberg
Future of Humanity Institute
Oxford Martin School
Oxford University
</pre>
  </body>
</html>