<div dir="ltr">On Sat, Jul 19, 2014 David Lubkin <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:lubkin@unreasonable.com" target="_blank">lubkin@unreasonable.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote">
<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">> Are there any credible technologies, either current or plausible future, that can stymie tunneling </blockquote>
<div><br></div><div>To stop the tunneling you just need to detect it, and you can do that with a gravity detector if it's sensitive enough. Einstein's General Theory of Relativity says that time moves more slowly in a strong gravity field than in a weaker one, and the gravity is weaker if there is a tunnel under your feet because there is less mass there. So to find tunnels and other interesting things in the earth you just need a good clock.<br>
<br></div><div>If you set a atomic fountain clock 3.1 billion years ago today it would be off by less than a second; it works by measuring the microwaves given off by cesium atoms. If you move such a clock upward by one foot it's in a weaker gravitational field because it's one foot more distant from the earths center, you can detect that weakening by noting that the clock is running measurably faster. Such a clock could also function as a super accurate accelerometer allowing a submarine to know exactly where it was without surfacing to take a GPS reading. In a decade clocks should be at least 100 times as accurate by switching from microwave frequencies to optical ones or by using entirely new techniques such as cold atom interferometry. <br>
</div><div><br></div><div>Such clocks contain no moving parts and so may be ripe for miniaturization, perhaps a good idea for a start up company. <br><br></div><div> John K Clark<br></div><div> </div><div><br></div></div>
<br></div></div>