<html><head></head><body><div><br></div><span data-mailaddress="danust2012@gmail.com" data-contactname="Dan" class="clickable"><span title="danust2012@gmail.com">Dan</span><span class="detail"> <danust2012@gmail.com></span></span> , 3/10/2014 9:34 PM:<br><blockquote class="mori" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-color: blue; border-left-style: solid; padding-left: 1ex;"><div><blockquote type="cite"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">On Friday, October 3, 2014 11:37 AM, BillK <<a href="mailto:pharos@gmail.com" title="mailto:pharos@gmail.com" class="mailto">pharos@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</span></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Evolution could be postponed for millions of years.</span></blockquote><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br>That would depend on many factors, but my qualitative non-expert view is more than millions, but tens of millions of years to recover, depending on those other factors.</span></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I looked a bit at this for a paper. The references I found suggested that it took 5-30 million years after the end-Permian extinction for the biosphere to recover. Ecosystems bootstrapped faster, but most were simple and cosmopolitan - essentially weed ecosystems. It looks like the evolutionary radiation into new niches takes at least 5 million years, possibly longer.</div><div><br></div><div>Sahney S, Benton MJ. Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time. Procedings of the Royal Society B, 2008; 275: 759–765.</div><div>http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/275/1636/759.full.pdf+html</div><div><br></div><div><div>Douglas H Erwin. The end and the beginning: recoveries from mass extinctions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. Volume 13, Issue 9, 1 September 1998, Pages 344–349</div></div><div>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169534798014360</div><div><br></div><div>Note that this does not put a huge dent in the evolution of intelligence. It took 5 million years from the common ancestors of chimps and humans to us. I think the bigger problem is the Lilliputian issue: survivor species tend to be small, and if it takes a certain body size for intelligence (large animals are metabolically more efficient due to allometric scaling, so they can more easily afford big brains) then there is going to be a delay until they get large enough. But I would not think the probability of intelligence 15 myr after a mass extinction is vastly lower than just before (5 myr of recovery, 5 myr of size scaling, 5 myr of potential intelligence scaling). </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><br><br>Anders Sandberg,
Future of Humanity Institute
Philosophy Faculty of Oxford University</body></html>