<div dir="ltr"><br><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Sep 14, 2015 at 1:19 PM, PJ Manney <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:pjmanney@gmail.com" target="_blank">pjmanney@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote<font color="#000000" face="comic sans ms, sans-serif">:</font><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"></div><div class="gmail_extra">When it comes to intelligence, it's the mother's genes that count in boys. They've only got one X chromosome which expresses intelligence. That's why you sometimes see the sons of the wealthy and powerful are as dumb as a sack of hammers, if dear old dad only married for beauty. <br></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>### You may be referring to a hypothesis outlined in <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif;line-height:1.45em"><a href="http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy.library.vcu.edu/pubmed/8667929#" title="Lancet (London, England)." style="outline:0px;color:rgb(102,0,102);border-bottom-width:0px">Lancet.</a></span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif;line-height:1.45em"> </span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif;line-height:1.45em">1996 Jun 29;347(9018):1814-5, "</span><span class="" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif;line-height:1.125em">Intelligence</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif;line-height:1.125em"> </span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif;line-height:1.125em">and the X chromosome", by Gillian Turner (or do you have other references?)</span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif;line-height:1.6363em;vertical-align:baseline"><br></span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif;line-height:1.6363em;vertical-align:baseline">Indeed, children inherit a slightly larger amount of DNA from their mothers (mitochondrial DNA, and in the case of males, the X chromosome), and this could lead to a higher correlation between IQ of mothers and children, especially sons. However, the difference in the amount of inherited nuclear DNA is very small (100 million basepairs, so about 1.5% of the diploid genome), and it is unlikely to account for a measurable fraction of heritability, unless there is preferential accumulation of IQ-influencing alleles on the X chromosome. Turner claims there is, based on the assumption of about 325 recessive autosomal alleles responsible for mental retardation and the detection of at least 154 X-linked ones (which is obviously much more than 1.5%). However, that article really is rather antediluvian, published in the 7th year of the B.S.H.G era (Before Sequencing of Human Genome) and I have no idea how they came up with the strangely low estimate of 325 autosomal recessive IQ alleles. In the 19 years since its publication it became quite obvious that there thousands of genetic variations that influence intelligence. Also, if the X chromosome preferentially accumulated IQ genes, we would expect a much higher correlation between IQ of mothers and sons than between fathers and sons. Turner fails to present any data to this effect - do you have any references that would rectify this situation?</span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif;line-height:1.6363em;vertical-align:baseline"><br></span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif;line-height:1.6363em;vertical-align:baseline">In the absence of such correlational data, the hypothesis of preferential accumulation of IQ-influencing genes on the X chromosome would have to be rejected.</span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif;line-height:1.6363em;vertical-align:baseline"><br></span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif;line-height:1.6363em;vertical-align:baseline">Also, Turner only points to data on the inheritance of mental *retardation*, not normal intelligence. The case for the hypothesis as applied to normal or superior IQ (as popularized in newspapers of the time) is therefore even more flimsy.</span></div><div><br></div><div>Rafał</div></div>
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