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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>>…</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext'> <b>On Behalf Of </b>Anders Sandberg<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [ExI] vw games emissions tests<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>On 2015-09-27 23:44, spike wrote:<br><br><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>>>…</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>I have some ideas, but the real question is this: does reverse-engineering VW’s emissions settings violate intellectual property rules? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><br></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'>>…</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>According the The Economist, this seems to be how the company kept third party researchers from investigating the algorithms.</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'> </span>--<span style='color:#1F497D'> </span>Anders Sandberg<o:p></o:p></p><pre><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Since the development of computer controlled fuel injection, car makers have had the option of adjusting performance and fuel economy with software. It applies to gasoline engines as well as Diesel, but I can see where the Diesels would have been a temptation. Catalytic converters need to be kept hot in order to break down the nitrous oxides. A Diesel engine gets some of its efficiency by injecting less fuel into the airstream when spinning but not under load. This operation mode, common in passenger cars, allows the catcon to cool, where it doesn’t work as well.<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I put some blame on the news media. They are running gleeful headlines about the rigged cars spewing 40 times the pollutants and so forth, the kind of headlines that sell clicks. We envision (I did this too, and I know better) a Jetta spewing choking clouds of soot. But that isn’t what happens at all. It emits 40 times as much NOx, which doesn’t really hurt anything. The levels were already set way down there, so it isn’t clear 40 times a trace is anything more than a less tiny trace. But getting rid of that little bit of NOx will burn a lot more Diesel and will result in more choking clouds of soot.<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>All this said, I hope something good comes of all this, such as the engineering realization that the real brilliance of a Diesel is when it is operated under constant speed and load. Then the catcons can be kept hot, the soot production minimized and controlled, the energy extracted from the fuel at maximum efficiency. Semi-trucks do this so very well, which is why they can haul 20 times the weight with 4 times the fuel as a passenger car. We can have all these advantage too, if we drive series hybrid Diesel cars. But this efficiency and clean running comes at a cost: series hybrids don’t accelerate hard. <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>But if we have self-drivers, that doesn’t matter as much.<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>This is a fun time for mechanical engineers. {8^D<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>spike<o:p></o:p></span></pre></div></body></html>