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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:windowtext'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:windowtext'> extropy-chat [mailto:extropy-chat-bounces@lists.extropy.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Anders Sandberg<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [ExI] bees<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Just came across this paper, which is mildly hopeful in the sense that there is a backup for many (but not all) plants:<br><br>Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination<br><a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/11/24/1517092112.full.pdf">http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/11/24/1517092112.full.pdf</a><br><a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/11/24/1517092112.abstract">http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/11/24/1517092112.abstract</a><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:.5in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:.5in'>Wild and managed bees are well documented as effective pollinators of global crops <span style='color:#1F497D'>…</span><o:p></o:p></p></blockquote><pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Anders Sandberg<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Thanks Anders.<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>I have been watching closely these last several years. My best description of my findings: the local bees seem to act as if they just don’t feel good. It isn’t a full-on sick, more like the kind you get where you go ahead and go into the office and put in a full day. But it isn’t your best day, or even in the top 90%. The bees act like a feeling-crummy day at the office.<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Now of course I start thinking of ways to measure how bees are feeling. Perhaps they fly a little differently when well-fed and fully healthy. We could raise some in isolation and feed them all the best pollen, try to create a control group. Then make some kind of optical measurement device, a camera which measures flight speed, oscillation rates, hover times, and anything else we can figure out how to reduce to a matrix of data using optical data. Then we compare to domestic bees and wild bees. <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>I don’t know how else to determine if bees feel healthy.<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>spike<o:p></o:p></span></pre></div></body></html>