<html>
  <head>
    <meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">The Kitty Genovese case has become a
      bit of a myth; the real story is as always a bit more ambiguous.
      But "Diffusion of Responsibility" is a very real thing, and deeply
      problematic. If you are in trouble and a group looks on
      helplessly, point at one of them and say: "You: help me." That
      breaks the symmetry. Official first responders also tend to do it
      even in off-duty. <br>
      <br>
      Generally the acts/omission distinction has produced reams of
      ethical arguments. While philosophically and sometimes legally it
      doesn't make sense, it clearly influences how people actually act.
      Real-world fears of legal effects can be controlled for in trolley
      examples, but the difference still remains. But that doesn't make
      peoples behavioral bias the correct way of acting.<br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
      On 2016-01-16 15:33, spike wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:003e01d15073$395296b0$abf7c410$@att.net"
      type="cite">
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
      <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered
        medium)">
      <style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
        {font-family:"Cambria Math";
        panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
        {font-family:Calibri;
        panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
        {font-family:Consolas;
        panose-1:2 11 6 9 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
        {font-family:"Comic Sans MS";
        panose-1:3 15 7 2 3 3 2 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
        {margin:0in;
        margin-bottom:.0001pt;
        font-size:12.0pt;
        font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
        {mso-style-priority:99;
        color:blue;
        text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
        {mso-style-priority:99;
        color:purple;
        text-decoration:underline;}
pre
        {mso-style-priority:99;
        mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted Char";
        margin:0in;
        margin-bottom:.0001pt;
        font-size:10.0pt;
        font-family:"Courier New";}
p.msonormal0, li.msonormal0, div.msonormal0
        {mso-style-name:msonormal;
        mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
        mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
        margin-left:0in;
        font-size:12.0pt;
        font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
span.HTMLPreformattedChar
        {mso-style-name:"HTML Preformatted Char";
        mso-style-priority:99;
        mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted";
        font-family:Consolas;}
span.hoenzb
        {mso-style-name:hoenzb;}
span.EmailStyle21
        {mso-style-type:personal-reply;
        font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
        color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
        {mso-style-type:export-only;
        font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}
@page WordSection1
        {size:8.5in 11.0in;
        margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
        {page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
      <div class="WordSection1">
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <div>
          <div>
            <div>
              <div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                        style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">>…</span></b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> <b>On
                        Behalf Of </b>William Flynn Wallace<br>
                      <br>
                    </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">>…</span><span
                      style="font-family:"Comic Sans
                      MS";color:black"> case of Kitty Genovese
                      (1964), who was killed, stabbed, in front of
                      dozens of people who did nothing, not even call
                      the police.  <o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Comic Sans
                      MS";color:black">There was no question of
                      legalities - calling the police threatened no
                      one. bill w  </span><span style="color:black">​</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">BillW,
                      on the contrary sir.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">I
                      don’t know in this particular case if calling the
                      constables would have resulted in personal risk to
                      whoever made the call, but in many modern
                      situations I would assume it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">The
                      Genovese case was about personal responsibility or
                      even personal risk so much as spreading of
                      responsibility.  Given sufficient numbers of
                      able-bodied witnesses, no one does anything.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">I
                      was involved in something analogous to that.  I
                      personally witnessed a security violation, along
                      with about twenty others.  I was one of the lower
                      ranking people present.  No one reported it. 
                      Months later, someone mentioned it to the head of
                      security for that facility, who was most annoyed
                      with all of us.  He made us review security
                      procedures in an hour long course on our own
                      time.  Had it been five in the room, good chance
                      all five would have reported.  In that case, there
                      was zero risk of retribution and zero chance of
                      commendation for reporting.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Regarding
                      the Genovese case, I can imagine neighborhoods
                      where bad things happen and the local constabulary
                      are never invited.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">spike<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <br>
      <fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
      <br>
      <pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
extropy-chat mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://lists.extropy.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/extropy-chat">http://lists.extropy.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/extropy-chat</a>
</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Dr Anders Sandberg
Future of Humanity Institute
Oxford Martin School
Oxford University
</pre>
  </body>
</html>