<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body dir="auto"><div>On Aug 3, 2016, at 3:12 PM, William Flynn Wallace <<a href="mailto:foozler83@gmail.com">foozler83@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><blockquote type="cite"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"comic sans ms",sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:12.8px">What periods or places have shown ideological diversity among elites?</span><span class="im" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:12.8px"><pre cols="72" style="white-space:pre-wrap">Dr Anders Sandberg
Future of Humanity Institute
Oxford Martin School
Oxford University</pre><pre cols="72" style="white-space:pre-wrap">I really hope someone will answer this. If 'elites' mean those in power, then I'd guess none and no place unless you count multiple political parties. Too much suppression of dissent in history.</pre></span></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I think periods of elite fragmentation might show high ideological diversity amongst elites. However, elite fragmentation need not be synonymous with ideological diversity. After all, each faction might agree on many fundamentals and just disagree on who should be in charge. (Stephen Walt's _The Origins of Alliances_ seems to show low ideological diversity might actually result in more conflict -- at least amongst nations rather than within a national elite.) </div><br><div><div><div style="line-height: normal;"><span style="line-height: 20px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Regards,</span></div><div style="line-height: normal;"><span style="line-height: 20px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br></span></div><div><div style="line-height: normal;"><span style="line-height: 20px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Dan</span></div><div style="line-height: normal;"><div style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"> Sample my latest Kindle book, "The Late Mr. Gurlitt," at:</span></div><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><a dir="ltr" href="http://mybook.to/Gurlitt" x-apple-data-detectors="true" x-apple-data-detectors-type="link" x-apple-data-detectors-result="1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">http://mybook.to/Gurlitt</a></font></div><div style="line-height: normal;"></div></div></div></div></body></html>