<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default">On Sun, Sep 4, 2016 at 8:48 PM, spike <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:spike66@att.net" target="_blank">spike66@att.net</a>></span> wrote:<br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><div lang="EN-US"><div><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;display:inline">> </div>Here’s one idea: we know the input from the sun, we know the greenhouse value of CO2, we can estimate if all else is equal, how much the increasing CO2 level should be increasing temperature. But all else is unequal, for the observed warming is lower than would be expected if we use only that one term. So we start to refine our model. We can add in a term for increasing surface temperature causing increased evaporation from the sea, which absorbs energy and increases clouds which scatters incoming solar energy into space and traps heat down at the surface. That term is net negative (would cause global cooling.) Then we work in a term for reduced albedo from increased plantgrowth (from higher CO2 levels and calculate a theoretical impact of that. Then add in the impact on albedo of increased rainfall or decreased rainfall (in some cases) add in a term for increased alpha T^4 from Stefan-Boltzmann’s law, and estimate the impact of increased wind, which seems to me like would increase evaporation off the surface of the sea, and increased albedo from higher snowfall from increased evaporation in some places and lower snowfall in other places from higher temperatures, increased this and decreased that and unknown effect of the other.<p></p></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4"><div class="gmail_default" style="display:inline"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">It's even more complicated than that because w</font></div>ater vapor is a far more <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;display:inline">important</div> <span class="gmail-il">greenhouse</span> <span class="gmail-il">gas</span> than CO2<div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;display:inline">,</div> and unlike CO2 it undergoes phase changes at earthly temperatures, it can be a solid a liquid or a<div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;display:inline"> </div><span class="gmail-il">gas</span> which makes it much more complicated than CO2 which is always just a <span class="gmail-il">gas</span>, at least on this planet. </font><br></div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font size="4">We don't even know if </font></span><font size="4">the world's temperature increases it will that c<div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;display:inline">ause</div> more clouds or fewer clouds. It's a very simple question with profound consequences because clouds regulate the amount of solar energy that runs the entire climate show. Increased temperature means more water evaporates from the sea, but it also means the atmosphere can hold more water before it is forced to form clouds. So who wins this tug of war? Nobody knows, its too complicated.</font><br></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8px"><br></span></div><div class="gmail_default"><font size="4">And then there is the important issue of global dimming, the world may be getting <span class="gmail-il">warmer</span> but it is also getting dimmer. For reasons that are not clearly understood in the daytime at any given temperature it takes longer now for water on the earth's surface to evaporate now than it did 50 years ago.</font><br style="font-size:12.8px"></div><div class="gmail_default"><span style="font-size:12.8px"><br></span></div><div class="gmail_default"><font size="4">There are 2 important questions that are seldom asked in discussions global warming:</font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font size="4"><br></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font size="4">1) On the whole is global warming a bad thing?</font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font size="4"><br></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font size="4">2) If it is a bad thing do environmentalists have a cure that isn't worse than the disease?</font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font size="4"><br></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font size="4">The answers are maybe and no. </font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font size="4"><br></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font size="4">John K Clark</font></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8px"><br></span></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><div lang="EN-US"><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif">Pretty soon you come to the same conclusion I did: human activity does cause global warming, but we don’t know what fraction of global warming is human caused. Estimates vary wildly and can even go negative in some models (human activity causes global cooling or slows natural global warming) and can go over 100 percent (the planet would be cooling naturally but human activity is causing it to warm.)<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif">With that, we get the odd situation we now see: denial of any impact by human activity is one simple extreme. The other is assuming all observed global warming is human caused, which is a perennial political favorite (perhaps because it is simple.) But that assumes the planet’s climate never changes without human activity, which we know is not the case, and invites comparison to Mars which is currently thought to be warming presumably without human intervention.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif">So what happens if we generally agree that human activity causes global warming but no really one knows how much?<span class="gmail-HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><u></u><u></u></font></span></span></p><span class="gmail-HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif">spike<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></font></span></div></div><br>______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
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