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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>On Behalf Of </span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Henry Rivera<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [ExI] confounding<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>>…In statistics, a <b>confounding variable</b> (also <b>confounding factor</b>, a <b>confound</b>, a <b>lurking variable</b> or a <b>confounder</b>) is an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraneous_variable" title="Extraneous variable">extraneous variable</a> in a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_model" title="Statistical model">statistical model</a> …<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Cool! Thanks Henry, I learned a new thing this day.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>>…</span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> While Spike is a Renaissance man, he still may not have been exposed to Research Design instruction like us psychologists. -Henry<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>You are too kind, sir, but I am older than you think. I am more of a Dark Ages guy. Bumpy club, knapped flint, that sorta thing. Primitive. Red in tooth and claw, savage, retro. But I am working that so don’t give up on me.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>spike<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></body></html>