<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><div style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:19.2px">I can't tell how strict you are being here, so this may just be a matter of you having a very high standard of what constitutes tool use/creating tools/learning to use tools, but there are plenty of scholarly articles, web pages indexed by google, and videos demonstrating various degrees of tool use by non-human animals. Just search for "ethology tool use" to see what I mean. Or "birds using tools" on YouTube. Some of these are quite impressive IMHO. </div><span class="gmail-HOEnZb" style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:19.2px"><font color="#888888">-Henry </font></span></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span class="gmail-HOEnZb" style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:19.2px"><font color="#888888"><br></font></span></div><div class="gmail_default"><font color="#888888"><span style="font-size:19.2px"><b>Hey, I never said that there weren't any lower animals using tools, but I did have problem with spiders and beaver dams.</b></span></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font color="#888888"><span style="font-size:19.2px"><b><br></b></span></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font color="#888888"><span style="font-size:19.2px"><b>The toughest problem with discerning instinct from learned behavior is that to qualify for instinctive, the behavior has to be unlearned (among other criteria). It's hard to prove that. If a baby chimp watches his mother use a stick as a tool, is he learning? Well, certainly he can, which proves nothing. Would he have grown up to use that tool anyway? </b></span></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font color="#888888"><span style="font-size:19.2px"><b><br></b></span></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font color="#888888"><span style="font-size:19.2px"><b>Some studies have separated babies from parents to see what the kid will do without opportunities to learn, and complex patterns that show up are then instinctive. Unless, of course, you have raised a critter that is different because of having no parents around.</b></span></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font color="#888888"><span style="font-size:19.2px"><b><br></b></span></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font color="#888888"><span style="font-size:19.2px"><b> In sum, it's hard to prove that some behavior is learned and it's hard to prove it's not.</b></span></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font color="#888888"><span style="font-size:19.2px"><b><br></b></span></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font color="#888888"><span style="font-size:19.2px"><b>I believe in the continuity of abilities down the phylogenetic scale. </b></span></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font color="#888888"><span style="font-size:19.2px"><b><br></b></span></font></div><div class="gmail_default"><font color="#888888"><span style="font-size:19.2px"><b>bill w </b></span></font></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Aug 10, 2017 at 8:46 PM, spike <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:spike66@att.net" target="_blank">spike66@att.net</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div class="m_6004763129450868676WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> extropy-chat [mailto:<a href="mailto:extropy-chat-bounces@lists.extropy.org" target="_blank">extropy-chat-bounces@<wbr>lists.extropy.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>William Flynn Wallace<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [ExI] evolution<u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><div><span class=""><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">spike wrote </span><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"> we may find that most beasts use tools in some way, and</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.5pt">many of them make tools.</span><u></u><u></u></p></span><div><div id="m_6004763129450868676gmail-:k4"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.5pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></div><div id="m_6004763129450868676gmail-:k4"><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">>…<span style="color:black">There is a problem here with interpretation. If a person, aka human, used a tool, he must have learned it somehow, watching, experimenting - aka learning either from others or just from messing around</span>…<span style="color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></span></p></div><span class=""><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">So show me learning to use tools and I'll be happy with that.<u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">bill w<u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></div></span><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">I don’t have a reference, but the chimps might be our best bet: the mother chimps show their offspring how to make a termite catching stick by choosing a long straight twig and stripping the leaves. Some chimps never learn how to do that. Jared Diamond (I think he was the one) observed that chimps seem to learn that skill easier than humans do.<span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><u></u><u></u></font></span></p><span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">spike<u></u><u></u></p></font></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><br>______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
extropy-chat mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a><br>
<a href="http://lists.extropy.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/extropy-chat" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.extropy.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo.cgi/extropy-<wbr>chat</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br></div>