<div dir="ltr">Keith Henson Wrote:<div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> </span><br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>The trait of having religions, like all else in living things,<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span>evolved. It was either directly selected or it is a side effect from<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span>some other trait that was selected. </i></blockquote><div><br></div><font size="4">I don't see any way religion could be selected for directly, maybe it helps something else that is selected for directly but I think it's more likely religion is a Evolutionary Spandrel; I wouldn't be surprised if music appreciation was one too.</font><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>The trait to have religions is<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span>widespread. This indicates that at some point in our past, the trait<br>
was under strong selection.<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"></span>What situations in our evolutionary past would have led to a strong<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span>selection for this psychological trait?<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span>War. </i></blockquote><div> </div><div><font size="4"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">I'm</span> <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">skeptical that religion will in general help to get a gene into the next generation, for one thing one of the main causes of war is religion and the genes in young men killed in religious wars end up going nowhere, and for another </span><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">in the last 60 years <span class="gmail_default">death from </span>violence has </span><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">dropped to the lowest level in human history and the general trend toward violence has been declining for centuries.</span></font></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span><i>Humans are a top predator, i.e., nothing except other humans<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span>ultimately limits their numbers. </i></blockquote><div><br></div><font size="4">I don't think that's true. The 1918 flu epidemic killed more people than World War one and two combined, and the 1346 Black Death epidemic killed 50 million people in Europe and that was 60% of that continent's entire population at the time, no war has come close to doing that. And a Chinese famine in 1846 killed 45 million people and then in the same country just a few years later in 1850 another famine killed 60 million people.</font><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">></span>I make a case that "Surrendered people obey God's word, even if it<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span>doesn't make sense" has its origin in the same psychological trait<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span>that worked up our ancestors in a resource crisis to kill their<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span>neighbors.<br></i></blockquote><div><br></div><font size="4">I think it's more likely religion results from a tendency of very young children to believe what their parents tell them. Without that tendency it would be impossible to pass on valuable information from one generation to the next, like how to make a fire or how to hunt a Mammoth or how to plant seeds etc. Most parents don't hear voices in their head telling them what to do but some do. And they tell their children about it, and they believe it, and in time they <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">end up</span><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">telling</span> their children about <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">those voices and on and on it goes</span>. Not all cultural information is true or beneficial but if overall <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">if </span>it helps gen<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">e</span>s get from one generation to another th<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">e</span>n the tendency of children to mimic the behavior of adults will persist<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">, and so will the belief that God tells some people what to do.</span> </font><div><span style="line-height:1.5"> </span><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span><i>This is not to condemn religions in general. </i></blockquote><div><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font size="4">Why not? I have no qualms about about condemning religion in general, explaining how something got screwed up doesn't make it any less screwed up.</font></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font size="4"><br></font></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font size="4">John K Clark</font></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div> </div></div></div>