<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"comic sans ms",sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">That is</span><br style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">there is probably a strong correlation between a person's religiousness</span><br style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">and whether Stanley Milgram in a white lab coat can get them to</span><br style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">electrocute other study participants. keith</span><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"comic sans ms",sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><br></span></div><div class="gmail_default"><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3510781?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">https://www.jstor.org/stable/3510781?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents</a><br></div><div class="gmail_default"><br></div><div class="gmail_default">That turns out not to be the case. The results of this study are puzzling but still contradictory to your statement.</div><div class="gmail_default"><br></div><div class="gmail_default">bill w</div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr">On Wed, Dec 5, 2018 at 12:03 PM Stuart LaForge <<a href="mailto:avant@sollegro.com">avant@sollegro.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Keith Henson (KH) and John Clark (JC) wrote:<br>
<br>
<br>
KH>> The trait of having religions, like all else in living things,<br>
>> evolved. It was either directly selected or it is a side effect from<br>
>> some other trait that was selected. *<br>
<br>
Religions are directly selected for or against based upon their teachings.<br>
Compare Catholicism to Shakers for example.<br>
<br>
JC> I don't see any way religion could be selected for directly, maybe it<br>
> helps something else that is selected for directly but I think it's more<br>
> likely religion is a Evolutionary Spandrel; I wouldn't be surprised if<br>
> music appreciation was one too.<br>
<br>
How is it not obvious that religion is a trait selected for by increased<br>
reproductive success? After all, repeated bouts of conjugal bliss is a<br>
much easier way to grow a religion than proselytizing strangers at the<br>
point of a pen or a sword. Prohibiting masturbation and contraception<br>
while demanding that the faithful "be fruitful and multiply" is a sure<br>
recipe for Darwinian success.<br>
<br>
Therefore any religion that makes it a sacred duty to procreate is<br>
certainly no spandrel.<br>
<br>
<a href="https://fullymyelinated.wordpress.com/2012/02/16/religion-and-family-size/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://fullymyelinated.wordpress.com/2012/02/16/religion-and-family-size/</a><br>
<br>
Of course some religions had historically prohibited sex entirely like the<br>
Shakers and thus as of 2017, there are only two Shakers left in the world:<br>
Brother Arnold Hadd, age 58 and Sister June Carpenter, 77.<br>
<br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakers" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakers</a><br>
<br>
So it would seem that the most successful of religions are those whose<br>
edicts are most conducive to reproductive success of its members. This<br>
leads to the somewhat paradoxical situation that, on average, those that<br>
don't believe in evolution are actually better at it than those that do.<br>
<br>
KH>> The trait to have religions is widespread. This indicates that at<br>
>> some point in our past, the trait was under strong selection. What<br>
>> situations in our evolutionary past would have led to a strong selection<br>
>> for this psychological trait? War. *<br>
<br>
There is certainly a correlation between religion and war but they are<br>
both complex traits and it is doubtful that one is necessarily causal of<br>
the other.<br>
<br>
Admittedly religion facilitates war by giving participants a shared tribal<br>
identity to rally around as a tribal totem or battle standard.<br>
<br>
Also religions tend to assuage fear of death in it's participants with<br>
promises of after-lives for the faithful who die in battle: Valhalla,<br>
Heaven, Paradise, Nirvana, etc.<br>
<br>
JC> I'm skeptical that religion will in general help to get a gene into the<br>
> next generation, for one thing one of the main causes of war is religion<br>
> and the genes in young men killed in religious wars end up going nowhere,<br>
> and for another in the last 60 years death from violence has dropped to<br>
> the lowest level in human history and the general trend toward violence<br>
> has been declining for centuries.<br>
<br>
Well in a strictly historical context, the vanquished soldier's genes were<br>
nonetheless perpetuated by his sister and children who got raped and/or<br>
sold into slavery by the victors. Modern warfare with all its rules of<br>
engagement and Geneva conventions? I would agree that there is not much of<br>
a selective advantage for warfare in modern times.<br>
<br>
Conversely however, in ancient times, warfare might have served as the<br>
primary method of gene transfer between tribal gene pools which might have<br>
otherwise become too homozygously inbred.<br>
<br>
KH>> *>I make a case that "Surrendered people obey God's word, even if it<br>
>> doesn't make sense" has its origin in the same psychological trait that<br>
>> worked up our ancestors in a resource crisis to kill their neighbors.*<br>
<br>
I think it runs deeper than that. It has to do with status hierarchies as<br>
well and that is tied up in our primate natures. The word primate itself<br>
is the derived from the Latin word primus which means "first". Who does<br>
the alpha male of your tribe answer to? The gods.<br>
<br>
So I think religion is the psychological extrapolation of your primate<br>
status hierarchy beyond the monkey that you fear the most. It is probably<br>
very much tied up in ones susceptibility to perceived authority. That is<br>
there is probably a strong correlation between a person's religiousness<br>
and whether Stanley Milgram in a white lab coat can get them to<br>
electrocute other study participants.<br>
<br>
JC> I think it's more likely religion results from a tendency of very young<br>
> children to believe what their parents tell them. Without that tendency it<br>
> would be impossible to pass on valuable information from one generation<br>
> to the next, like how to make a fire or how to hunt a Mammoth or how to<br>
> plant seeds etc.<br>
<br>
Well yes, of course but I think it is the rituals that children see their<br>
parents do that cements religions into their minds more than what their<br>
parents say. This is because I think animism and magic predate religion<br>
and religion likely evolved from the other two. Magic is about the use of<br>
rituals to influence real world outcomes. As the nature spirits of animism<br>
gave way to anthropomorphic gods, magic gave way to prayer, sarcrifices,<br>
ablutions, and other means of influencing the favor of the gods.<br>
<br>
If you see your father pray to a god for success before setting out on the<br>
hunt, you are likely to do so as well especially if he comes back with<br>
meat. Who is this god person? Your chieftain's boss.<br>
<br>
Stuart LaForge<br>
<br>
<br>
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</blockquote></div>