<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">On Tue, Jun 16, 2020 at 10:24 PM Keith Henson via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Adrian Tymes <<a href="mailto:atymes@gmail.com" target="_blank">atymes@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
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On Tue, Jun 16, 2020 at 1:26 PM Keith Henson via extropy-chat <<br>
<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org" target="_blank">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br>
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>> I am not so sure that it makes any sense for humans to live on the<br>
>> moon even if there is something economic to do there. I.e., what can<br>
>> people do that robots/teleoperation can't?<br>
<br>
> Fix stuff when the robots break in unexpected ways, which is either very<br>
difficult/expensive or impossible to fix with the robots themselves.<br>
<br>
> In theory this never happens. In practice this almost always happens with<br>
new tech of this nature.<br>
<br>
The time to get a new robot to the moon is around two weeks.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Not including time to diagnose the fault, build a robot from scratch to fix the fault (which starts after the diagnosis, which starts after the fault), and this approach would seem to be launching several tons of robot instead of much less food & resupply.</div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
Is it worth the many billion it would cost to keep humans on the moon?<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Would it in fact cost many billions? Granted, ISS maintenance is over $1B - it's about $3-4B - but that includes expansion, experiments, and all other costs as well as keeping the humans alive. I'm having trouble finding hard data on how that breaks down, but it looks like a distinct minority actually goes into life support, and the bulk of it is just NASA's bureaucratic overhead, not actually producing anything (except jobs to support federal funding).</div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">How do you propose to protect them from radiation?</blockquote><div><br></div><div>The best answer I have yet seen on this is to set up the colony in a lava tube, which has enough overhead mass to reduce radiation to or below average-Earth-surface level. There are other methods too, but this is a simple, robust, and low cost solution. Perhaps put entrance shafts to one side of the lava tube, rather than on top, so you don't have a "radiation sunlight" part of the tube that people should stay out of.</div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">I am highly<br>
biassed in the direction of people in space, on the moon, and on Mars.<br>
But I can't make an economic case for them.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div> Good on you for even thinking of the economics. That's the most critical part that most who propose this ignore.</div><div><br></div><div>I haven't completely solved it either, but the more I analyze it, the more it seems the case will have to be made by what the colony can return to Earth, rather than the usual orbital/interplanetary servicing options that keep coming up. This is for two reasons:<br>1) Today, there is either literally no or a very tiny (depending on what you count) off-Earth market. Either way, insufficient funds can be extracted to support the colony until an off-Earth market builds up.</div><div>2) Even once an off-Earth market does build up, for a long time it will be dwarfed by the size of the on-Earth market. Even a tiny sliver of the on-Earth market will provide way more support than the entire off-Earth market can provide, likely for decades after the colony's founding. (Decades after founding, the colony will presumably be much more self-sufficient than right after it is founded.)</div><div><br></div><div>So, what can a lunar colony provide for Earth? (I haven't thought through what a Martian colony might provide, as a lunar colony is likely to happen first: even assuming completely independent lunar and Martian colonization efforts, the lunar one needs less resources and thus is likely to establish a colony before the Martian effort does.) The main things I am currently aware of are:</div><div><br>1) Power, from solar panels manufactured on the Moon and relayed (probably via one or more intermediary satellites) to rectennas on Earth's surface. You have made extensive studies of Earth-launched solar power satellites; I would be curious to see your take on this alternative. Assume that any intermediate satellites are built on and launched from the Moon as well; they're simple enough that it seems less cost to set up the manufacturing facilities on the Moon than to launch from Earth.</div><div><br>2) Constructing & launching Earth-orbiting satellites. Aside from simple cases, like the above, I don't think this is really a viable market, as most satellites need complex enough electronics manufacturing that setting up the facilities on the Moon outweighs the launch cost savings, at least for a long while.</div><div><br>3) Mining Rare Earth elements for return to & sale on Earth. Lunar Prospector confirmed there is a concentration of KREEP (potassium, rare earth elements, and phosphorus) in the Oceanus Procellarum and Mare Imbrium. While valuable minerals on the Moon tend to be spread across a wider area than on Earth - if there are ore veins, we apparently haven't found them yet (though close range survey of lava tubes is a promising candidate if they are there) - they are already ground up, so we exchange less grinding work for more collecting work. This would benefit from a local power source being set up first, such as item #1 on this list but not entirely (if at all) devoted to returning energy to Earth.</div><div><br></div><div>In any of these cases, one starts with an all-teleoperated system. It's easier to absorb cost & schedule impacts when, say, you're just doing initial prospecting instead of when you're in heavy production mode. Cost it out with reasonable assumptions; in theory, once the operation is set up, cases 1 & 3 cost nothing or almost nothing per unit (megawatt or ton) delivered to a customer's choice of locations on Earth, so to achieve profitability, you have to deliver enough value (as measured by dollars) to more than overcome the initial investment within a reasonable number of years. (For instance, magnesium is about 10% of lunar regolith and currently sells for about $6 per kg, so figure out how many kg of magnesium an effort could deliver back to Earth within 10 or 20 years, and compare that to the cost of setup. The priciest of rare earth elements sell for much more than that, and so may be more viable to base an effort around, but are also not present just anywhere on the Moon. Even more viable, but harder to model, might be multi-element mining: return magnesium and rare earth elements and aluminum and other things without much additional effort.)</div><div><br></div><div>Then, once one has that going, if history is a guide the added value of humans will become apparent - as mentioned previously, from things that in theory should not matter but in practice often do. Often these are hard to directly measure financially (without analysis efforts that themselves can cost billions of dollars; see examples from NASA); the trick is to have enough profit to pay for setting up and maintaining life support before you get to this point, to help overcome the alternative proposal of simply abandoning the effort.</div></div></div>