<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">On Thu, Sep 17, 2020 at 11:15 AM Anton Sherwood via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:</span><br></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>On 2020-9-16 18:15, Stuart LaForge via extropy-chat wrote:<br>
> relativistic mass-energy equivalence predicted nuclear forces account<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span>for the majority of the mass of an atom</blockquote>
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<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Majority? That doesn't seem right; then the relation of mass to number of nucleons ought to be less linear than it is.</i><br></blockquote><div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style=""><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"></font><font size="4">One AMU is defined as exactly 1/12 the mass of a carbon 12 nucleus which consists of six protons and six neutrons, but the mass of a free independent Proton that is not bound to anything else is 1.007276 AMU and for a Neutron it's 1.008665 AMU, and obviously 12 of those don't add up to exactly 12 AMUs. The difference is in the binding energy, the energy you would need to break apart a carbon 12 nucleus and produce 12 independent particles, and the energy you would release if you joined up those 12 independent particles to produce a carbon nucleus. It's the reason the fusion of elements lighter than Iron produces energy, it's what powers the stars.</font></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style=""><font size="4"><br></font></div><div class="gmail_default" style=""><font size="4">John K Clark</font></div></div></div>