<div dir="ltr">"If I had to place money on a neurotech that will win the Nobel Prize, it’s optogenetics.
<p>The technology uses light of different frequencies to control the
brain. It’s a brilliant mind-meld of basic neurobiology and engineering
that hijacks the mechanism behind how neurons naturally activate—or are
silenced—in the brain.</p>
<p>Thanks to optogenetics, in just ten years we’ve been able to artificially <a href="https://singularityhub.com/2019/07/23/how-scientists-used-light-to-incept-sensations-and-memories-in-mice/">incept memories</a>
in mice, decipher brain signals that lead to pain, untangle the neural
code for addiction, reverse depression, restore rudimentary sight in
blinded mice, and overwrite terrible <a href="https://singularityhub.com/2020/07/28/towards-eternal-sunshine-new-links-found-between-memory-and-emotion/">memories</a> with happy ones. Optogenetics is akin to a universal programming language for the brain.</p>
<p>But it’s got two serious downfalls: it requires gene therapy, and it
needs brain surgery to implant optical fibers into the brain.</p>
<p>This week, the original mind behind optogenetics is back with an
update that cuts the cord. Dr. Karl Deisseroth’s team at Stanford
University, in collaboration with the University of Minnesota, unveiled
an <a href="http://web.stanford.edu/group/dlab/media/papers/chenNBT2020.pdf">upgraded version of optogenetics</a>
that controls behavior without the need for surgery. Rather, the system
shines light through the skulls of mice, and it penetrates deep into
the brain. With light pulses, the team was able to change how likely a
mouse was to have seizures, or reprogram its brain so it preferred
social company."</p><p>
</p><a href="https://singularityhub.com/2020/10/13/scientists-found-a-new-way-to-control-the-brain-with-light-no-surgery-required/">https://singularityhub.com/2020/10/13/scientists-found-a-new-way-to-control-the-brain-with-light-no-surgery-required/</a>
</div>