<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">On Wed, Oct 21, 2020 at 11:06 PM Stuart LaForge via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:</span></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><i>
<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Direct collapse would still heat up the gas igniting fusion which would exert pressure and thereby counteract collapse.</i></blockquote><div><br></div><font size="4">Not necessarily, the gas cloud could reach the Schwarzschild radius before it got hot enough to ignite fusion and start to drive the gas away, but calculations show that for such a thing to happen the initial conditions before the collapse must be arranged in a very specific way and that means it would be quite rare. However such calculations largely ignore Dark Matter so, because there <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">is</span> five times as much of that than there is normal matter, I take such calculations with a grain of salt.<br></font><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">></span>Is there any reason why astronomers don't think these middling 100 solar mass black holes aren't collapsed remnants of type III first generation zero-metalicity super-giants?</i></blockquote><div><br></div><div><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"></span><font size="4">A 100 solar mass star would only produce about a 35 solar mass black hole because most of the star's mass would be blast<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">ed</span> away into space long before the black hole formed. And a low metallicity 130 to 250 solar mass star would end its life in a Pair-Instability Supernova, the most intense type, and they are so powerful they blow themselves apart completely and leave nothing behind, not a Neutron Star not a Black Hole, nothing.</font></div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>They are rumored to have been several hundred to several thousand solar masses and went super-nova<br> </i><i>relatively quickly and early in the history of time.</i></blockquote><div><br></div><font size="4">There are examples of <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"></span>stars of more than 250 solar masses that never go supernova at all they just suddenly seem to turn themselves off, but such examples are very rare and even stars with zero metallicity would be unstable if they got much larger than 300 solar masses, or at least <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">they</span> would if you ignore <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">d</span>ark <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"></span>matter. There is a suggestion that in the early universe dark matter was more concentrated than it is now so if a star was composed mainly from ordinary matter but <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">if</span> just 0.1% <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">of it </span>was made of Neutralinos, a WIMP that is its own antiparticle, the resulting annihilation <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">would</span> provide enough energy to keep <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">a</span> star of up to 10 million solar masses stable. But nobody has ever seen such a thing and <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">since</span> the proposal was made people have looked for Neutralinos <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">but</span> found nothing, <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">it's</span> starting to seem that whatever <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">d</span>ark <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">m</span>atter is it's not Neutralinos<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> or even made of </span>WIMP<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">s.</span></font></div><div><font size="4"><br></font></div><div><a href="https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.051101"><font size="4">Dark Matter and the First Stars: A New Phase of Stellar Evolution</font></a><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4"> </font></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><i>
<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Perhaps dark matter is composed of both WIMPs and MACHOs. </i></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4">As far as a black hole is concerned <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">t</span>he details <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">about</span> what the matter<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> that is forming it </span>is composed of is a relevant<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">,</span> all it cares about is its mass it's electrical charge <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">and</span> the amount of <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">spin</span> it can impose<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">.</span></font></div><div><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font size="4"><br></font></span></div><div><font size="4"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">John K Clark</span><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"></span></font></div></div></div></div>