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<p><font size="4">"Africa is often referred to as the cradle of humankind, the birthplace of our species, <em>Homo sapiens</em>.
There is evidence of the development of early symbolic behaviors such
as pigment use and perforated shell ornaments in Africa, but so far most
of what we know about the development of complex social behaviors such
as burial and mourning has come from Eurasia.</font></p><font size="4">
</font><p><font size="4">However, the remains of a child buried almost 80,000 years ago under
an overhang at Panga ya Saidi cave in Kenya is providing important new
details.</font></p><font size="4">
</font><p><font size="4">Working with a team of researchers from Kenya, Germany, Spain,
France, Australia, Canada, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the
United States, we studied the burial. Our results, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03457-8">published in <em>Nature</em> earlier this month</a>, reveal valuable insights into human cultural evolution, including how Middle Stone Age populations interacted with the dead.</font></p><font size="4">
</font><h3><font size="4">A Child Called ‘Mtoto’</font></h3><font size="4">
</font><p><font size="4">Around 78,000 years ago, a small child was carefully placed on their
right side in a shallow pit in a cave near Kenya’s coast. Their legs
were raised to their chest in a flexed position, and their body wrapped
in a special cloth, perhaps an animal skin.</font></p><font size="4">
</font><p><font size="4">The child’s head was placed gently on some kind of perishable
support, a pillow in readiness for the long sleep. As a final act, the
child was deliberately covered over with dirt from the cave floor and
left for thousands of years, slowly becoming buried under another three
meters of soil.</font></p><font size="4">
</font><p><font size="4">Our team later nicknamed this person “Mtoto,” meaning “child” in Kenya’s Swahili language."</font></p><font size="4">
</font></div><div><font size="4"><a href="https://singularityhub.com/2021/05/28/a-cave-site-in-kenyas-forests-reveals-the-oldest-human-burial-in-africa">https://singularityhub.com/2021/05/28/a-cave-site-in-kenyas-forests-reveals-the-oldest-human-burial-in-africa</a></font>/</div></div>