<div dir="ltr"><br><div>Hi Jason,</div><div>Yes, Stathis and I have gone over these same arguments, in a gazillion different ways, for years, still unable to convince the other. I agree with most everything you say, but it is all entirely missing the point.</div><div><br></div><div>I think you get to the core of the issue with your:</div><div>"<font color="#0000ff">First, I would like you to deeply consider for a moment the question 'What is matter?'"</font></div><div><br></div><div>The issue is with one of these assumptions:</div><div>"1. <font color="#0000ff">Given the Church-Turing Thesis, any finitely describable process can be perfectly replicated by an appropriately programmed Turing Machine</font>"</div><div><br></div><div>The isus is that any description of redness (our claim that something is redness) tells you nothing of the nature of redness, without a dictionary pointing to an example of redness.</div><div>This is true for the same reason you can't communicate to a blind person what redness is like, no matter how many words you use.</div><div><br></div><div>Stathis always makes this same claim:</div><div><br></div><div>"<font color="#0000ff">It is true that functionalism cannot be falsified. But not being falsifiable is a property of every true theory.</font>"</div><div><br></div><div>no matter how many times I point out that if that is true, no matter what you say redness is, it can't be that, either, because you can use the same zombie or neural substitution argument and claim it can't be that either.</div><div>All you prove is that qualia aren't possible. And since we know, absolutely, It is a physical fact that I can experience redness, this just proves your assumptions (about the nature of matter) are incorrect. To say nothing about all the other so-called 'hard problems' that emerge with that set of assumptions.</div><div><br></div><div>We can abstractly describe and predict how matter "whatever it is" will behave. But when it comes to intrinsic colorness qualities or qualia, like redness and greenness, you've got to point to some physical example of something that has that redness quality. And without that, there is no possible way to define the word "redness", let alone experience redness.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Apr 25, 2022 at 12:04 PM Jason Resch via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><br>(Resending message which I had to trim below 160 KB)<br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Apr 24, 2022 at 5:37 PM Brent Allsop <<a href="mailto:brent.allsop@gmail.com" target="_blank">brent.allsop@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><br><div>Hi Jason,</div><div><br></div><div>Yes, we've got to at include the ExI list, for Stathis' (and other's?) sake. He is in the more popular <a href="https://canonizer.com/topic/88-Theories-of-Consciousness/8-Functional-Prprty-Dualism" target="_blank">Functionalist</a> camp, which you, like so many, appear to agree with.</div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>First, I would like you to deeply consider for a moment the question "What is matter?"</div><div><br></div><div>Note that physical theories are silent on this question. All physics tells us about matter is its relations, functions, operations, equations, etc. that predict our future experiences of this matter, but no physical theory ever tells us "what matter is".</div><div><br></div><div>This leads to another thought: perhaps there is nothing more to matter than the relations it embodies. Could matter exist as pure relations without any fundamental relata? If there are two different theories for the relata, but both follow the same relations, is either theory then "non falsifiable" since no test, even in principle, could distinguish between the two theories when all the relations are the same?</div><div><br></div><div>If relations are all that exist, or if they are all that can be said to exist, then functions representing those relations embody and susume all of physical reality, including all possible physical realities. The most fundamental physical theories suggest the fundamental role of information in physics, with the boldest hypothesizing that ultimately there may be no more to matter than patterns of information.</div><div><br></div></div><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div class="gmail_quote"><div>"As we penetrate into matter, nature does not show us any isolated ‘basic building blocks’, but rather appears as a complicated web of relations between the various parts of the whole."</div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div>-- Fritjof Capra in “The Tao of Physics” (1975)</div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div><br></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div>"Now I am in the grip of a new vision, that Everything is Information. The more I have pondered the mystery of the quantum and our strange ability to comprehend this world in which we live, the more I see possible fundamental roles for logic and information as the bedrock of physical theory."</div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div>-- John Archibald Wheeler in “Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam” (1998)</div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div><br></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div>"The burgeoning field of computer science has shifted our view of the physical world from that of a collection of interacting material particles to one of a seething network of information."</div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div>-- Paul Davies in “The flexi-laws of physics” (2007)</div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div><br></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div>"Maybe the relationships are all that exist. Maybe the world is made of math. At first that sounded nuts, but when I thought about it I had to wonder, what exactly is the other option? That the world is made of “things”? What the hell is a “thing”? It was one of those concepts that fold under the slightest interrogation. Look closely at any object and you find it’s an amalgamation of particles. But look closely at the particles and you find that they are irreducible representations of the Poincaré symmetry group―whatever that meant. The point is, particles, at bottom, look a lot like math."</div></div><div class="gmail_quote">-- Amanda Gefter in “Trespassing on Einstein’s Lawn” (2014)</div></blockquote><div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote">Should these ideas prove true, then information theory, computer science, and mathematics are promoted to the fundamental theories of reality, with physical theories being only locally or contingently true relations, they would be those structures/relations capable of supporting the emergence of conscious observers as seen from the inside.</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote">The implication of "everything is information" is that manipulations and processing of information (i.e. computation) would then be the most fundamental basic building block, not only of physical reality but also of minds and consciousness.</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote">In my view, Functionalism is less a theory of mind, than it is a theory of fundamental reality.</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div><br></div><div><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14.6667px">The </span><a href="https://canonizer.com/topic/88-Theories-of-Consciousness/36-Molecular-Materialism" rel="noreferrer" style="color:blue;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14.6667px" target="_blank">Molecular Material</a><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px"> camp just </span></font>considers<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px"> "philosophical zombies" to be absurd.</span></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>We are in agreement on the absurdity of philosophical zombies.</div><div><br></div><div>But if you accept that philosophical zombies are impossible, there is a simple proof of functionalism:</div><div>1. Given the Church-Turing Thesis, any finitely describable process can be perfectly replicated by an appropriately programmed Turing Machine</div><div>2. The human brain is a finitely describable process (given DNA which describes both the human body and brain is ~700 MB, and moreover, the Bekenstein bound of quantum mechanics implies a finite information content for any physical object of finite energy and volume)</div><div>3. Given (1) and (2) there exists a Turing Machine that perfectly emulates the behavior of any human mind</div><div>4. Turing Machines can be built using any material as a physical substrate (vacuum tubes, transistors, electro mechanical relays, gears and levers, billiard balls, water pipes, etc.) the material is unimportant</div><div>5. Given the impossibility of philosophical zombies, a Turing machine perfectly emulating a human mind must also be conscious, as otherwise a philosophical zombie could be constructed</div><div>6. Given (4) and (5) the material substrate of a mind is irrelevant, the same consciousness must result so long as the abstract function/algorithm/information processing of the emulated mind is preserved.</div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px"> Especially since they are normally defined in a way that different qualia may or may not 'superven' on top of identical physical reality. this is just absurd and is not scientifically falsifiable. I prefer falsifiable theoretical science to unfalsifiable </span>philosophy<span style="font-size:14.6667px">. Also, as we point out in our video: functionalists are no better than dualists, as they separate qualia from physical reality.</span></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>What is "physical reality"? -- What does it include, what does it not include? What is the reality of mathematical objects, of mathematical relations, of mathematical truths?</div><div>I think that question is potentially a prerequisite to answering questions of the nature of consciousness.</div><div><br></div><div>There is strong empirical validation of functionalism, in that if you assume the independent reality of the integers and their true relations, you can recover many properties of our observed physical reality from that "first principle". That is, you can derive physical law purely from assuming some very minimal elements of arithmetic. I write more about this here: <a href="https://alwaysasking.com/why-does-anything-exist/#Confirming_Evidence" target="_blank">https://alwaysasking.com/why-does-anything-exist/#Confirming_Evidence</a></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px"> Despite how many times I've asked Stathis for a way to falsify his theory, he has yet to describe how functionalism may be falsified. </span></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>It is true that functionalism cannot be falsified. But not being falsifiable is a property of every true theory.</div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px">So to me, it is no better than dualism. All he seems to do is qualia, like redness and greenness, aren't possible, because they, themselves are substrate on which consciousness is composed.</span></font></div><div><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px"><br></span></font></div><div><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px">And of course I've considered "tetrachromats" which have 4 primary colors, and shimp that must have a lot more than that. As I always say, I </span>pity<span style="font-size:14.6667px"> the bi (2 primary colors or color blind people) or even worse the achromatic (black and white only) people, and can't wait till I (a mere trichromat) discover what not only it is like for a tetrachromat, but what it is like for all those 16 primary color shrimp. A brain like that is what I want to be uploaded to, and how many more physical colors could be discovered after that???? Even if we discover hundreds, with many thousands of shades of each, that is still a long way from infinite.</span></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I agree. I think that is the ultimate destiny of humanity (or any intelligent species), to become explorers of consciousness itself. All technological development in progress is aimed at giving us better control over our own sensory and conscious experiences, as I describe here: <a href="https://alwaysasking.com/what-is-the-meaning-of-life/#The_Direction_of_Technology" target="_blank">https://alwaysasking.com/what-is-the-meaning-of-life/#The_Direction_of_Technology</a></div><div><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px"><br></span></font></div><div><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px">And you still seem to be missing something when you say: "</span></font><font color="#0000ff">in any conscious state one finds oneself [in], one can only ever know... that one state.</font><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px">" and the way you talk about computational binding like: "</span></font><font color="#0000ff">less-than or greater-than comparison operations, equality tests</font><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px">". These kinds of comparisons are always done between specific things or facts of the matter. That's what computation abou tobjects is. Your one composite qualitative experience of the strawberry includes both redness and greenness</span></font><span style="font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">. </span></div><div><img src="cid:ii_l2du1dpd2" alt="3_robots_tiny.png" width="320" height="118"><br></div><div><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px">While it is true, all of these 3 different systems can function the same. In that they can all distinguish between and tell you the strawberry is red, or not. But that is missing the point of the factual qualitative differences of each of these, and the physical qualities they are using to represent these differences, or the fact that their knowledge is intentionally abstracted away from any physical qualities that may be representing them in a way that requires a dictionary. You can't get substrate independence, without a dictionary for each different representation that may or maynot be representing the ones or zeros. Representing knowledge like the fist two does not require a dictionary, which is far more efficient than the 3rd, which does required an additional dictionary. The same way software runs faster directly on physical hardware, vs running on virtual machines (requires a functional mapping dictionary to different functioning hardware).</span></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I think your interpretation of functionalism may be of a restricted from, in that you may only being looking at only the output of the function, e.g., "Does this function output 'I see red?'"</div><div>But that is not how I view functionalism. I think the implementation is important, and to get the qualia of a human seeing a red strawberry requires a function that is isomorphic to the same functions employed by the human retina, visual cortex, and arguably other brain regions. If a robot's visual functions are implemented in a manner that replicates the same functions and information processing as goes on in the human brain, the robot can't help but feel the same. Otherwise would be to invite zombies, or perhaps even worse: dancing/fading qualia scenarios.</div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px"><br></span></font></div><div><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px">Which brings me to the 3rd strongest form of effing the ineffable, which was <a href="https://youtu.be/Uf9SWvs4beE?t=12" target="_blank">portrayed in the movie avatar</a> with Neural ponytails. These could function like the Corpus collosum which can computationally bind knowledge represented in the left hemisphere with knowledge represented in the right. With a neural ponytail like that, you would experience all of the experience, not just half. </span></font><span style="font-size:14.6667px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">If the first two systems in the above </span><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px">image (one's redness is like your greenness) they would directly experience this difference, just the same as if your left field of vision was looking through red/green inverted glasses. It is called "4. the strongest form" of effing the ineffable, because what you directly apprehend is infallible or cannot be doubted the same way "I think, therefore I am" cannot be doubted.</span></font></div><div><br></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I do think future technologies such as being able to directly integrate/stimulate/measure/alter/and link neurons within our brains will enable a renaissance in our understanding of consciousness, as it will become a science each person can perform experiments with and get immediate results in terms of altered experiences. And while brain linking could potentially give a shared quale of "red" between two minds, once split again can the two formerly linked minds trust their memories of what red was like when they were linked? William James pointed out that we can't even know we were conscious 5 minutes ago. How then can we know the red we saw 5 minutes ago when linked is the same red we remember now? It might be possible, but there I think there are compelling arguments that cast doubt as well. In any event, I look forward to the future where minds can be linked as in Avatar.</div><div><br></div><div>Jason</div></div></div>
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