<div dir="ltr">This has been done before:<br><div class="gmail-group gmail-w-full gmail-text-gray-800 gmail-dark:text-gray-100 gmail-border-b gmail-border-black/10 gmail-dark:border-gray-900/50 gmail-dark:bg-gray-800" style="border-width:0px 0px 1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.1);box-sizing:border-box;width:1402.11px;font-family:Söhne,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Noto Sans",sans-serif,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-size:14px"><div class="gmail-text-base gmail-gap-4 gmail-md:gap-6 gmail-md:max-w-2xl gmail-lg:max-w-2xl gmail-xl:max-w-3xl gmail-p-4 gmail-md:py-6 gmail-flex gmail-lg:px-0 gmail-m-auto" style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:auto;display:flex;padding:1.5rem 0px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;max-width:48rem"><div class="gmail-relative gmail-flex gmail-w-[calc(100%-50px)] gmail-flex-col gmail-gap-1 gmail-md:gap-3 gmail-lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;display:flex"><div class="gmail-flex gmail-flex-grow gmail-flex-col gmail-gap-3" style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;display:flex"><div class="gmail-min-h-[20px] gmail-flex gmail-flex-col gmail-items-start gmail-gap-4 gmail-whitespace-pre-wrap" style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;min-height:20px;white-space:pre-wrap">Can you find a study that deals with the idea of building a language without physical referents?</div></div><div class="gmail-text-gray-400 gmail-flex gmail-self-end gmail-lg:self-center gmail-justify-center gmail-mt-2 gmail-gap-3 gmail-md:gap-4 gmail-lg:gap-1 gmail-lg:absolute gmail-lg:top-0 gmail-lg:translate-x-full gmail-lg:right-0 gmail-lg:mt-0 gmail-lg:pl-2 gmail-visible" style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;display:flex;padding-left:0.5rem"><button class="gmail-p-1 gmail-rounded-md gmail-hover:bg-gray-100 gmail-hover:text-gray-700 gmail-dark:text-gray-400 gmail-dark:hover:bg-gray-700 gmail-dark:hover:text-gray-200 gmail-disabled:dark:hover:text-gray-400 gmail-md:invisible gmail-md:group-hover:visible" style="border-width:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(217,217,227);font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0.25rem;background-image:none;border-radius:0.375rem"></button></div><div class="gmail-flex gmail-justify-between" style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;display:flex"></div></div></div></div><div class="gmail-group gmail-w-full gmail-text-gray-800 gmail-dark:text-gray-100 gmail-border-b gmail-border-black/10 gmail-dark:border-gray-900/50 gmail-bg-gray-50 gmail-dark:bg-[#444654]" style="border-width:0px 0px 1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.1);box-sizing:border-box;width:1402.11px;font-family:Söhne,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Noto Sans",sans-serif,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-size:14px"><div class="gmail-text-base gmail-gap-4 gmail-md:gap-6 gmail-md:max-w-2xl gmail-lg:max-w-2xl gmail-xl:max-w-3xl gmail-p-4 gmail-md:py-6 gmail-flex gmail-lg:px-0 gmail-m-auto" style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:auto;display:flex;padding:1.5rem 0px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;max-width:48rem"><div class="gmail-w-[30px] gmail-flex gmail-flex-col gmail-relative gmail-items-end" style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;width:30px"><div class="gmail-relative gmail-h-[30px] gmail-w-[30px] gmail-p-1 gmail-rounded-sm gmail-text-white gmail-flex gmail-items-center gmail-justify-center" style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;height:30px;width:30px;border-radius:0.125rem;padding:0.25rem;background-color:black"></div></div><div class="gmail-relative gmail-flex gmail-w-[calc(100%-50px)] gmail-flex-col gmail-gap-1 gmail-md:gap-3 gmail-lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]" style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;display:flex"><div class="gmail-flex gmail-flex-grow gmail-flex-col gmail-gap-3" style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;display:flex"><div class="gmail-min-h-[20px] gmail-flex gmail-flex-col gmail-items-start gmail-gap-4 gmail-whitespace-pre-wrap" style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;min-height:20px;white-space:pre-wrap"><div class="gmail-markdown gmail-prose gmail-w-full gmail-break-words gmail-dark:prose-invert gmail-light" style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.75;width:652.997px"><p style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px 0px 1.25em">While I cannot browse the internet for the latest studies, I can point you to an interesting experiment that deals with the idea of creating a language without direct physical referents. This experiment is known as the "Talking Heads Experiment," conducted by Luc Steels and his colleagues in the late 1990s.</p><p style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:1.25em 0px">The Talking Heads Experiment involved two robotic agents with cameras that were programmed to "learn" a shared language by pointing at objects in their environment and communicating with each other about what they were seeing. The robots were not provided with any predefined language or vocabulary. Instead, they had to develop their own communication system by interacting with each other and learning from their experiences.</p><p style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:1.25em 0px">Through this process, the robots were able to create a shared lexicon and grammar for describing objects and their properties, such as color and shape. This experiment demonstrated that it is possible for agents to develop a language without direct physical referents, relying on interaction and feedback to build a shared understanding of their environment.</p><p style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:1.25em 0px">Although the Talking Heads Experiment involved robots with cameras that allowed them to perceive their environment, the experiment still illustrates the potential for creating a language based on interaction and learning, rather than relying on direct physical referents.</p><p style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:1.25em 0px">For more information on the Talking Heads Experiment, you can refer to the following sources:</p><ol style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;list-style-position:initial;margin:1.25em 0px 0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 1rem;display:flex"><li style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px;padding-left:0.375em">Steels, L. (1999). The Talking Heads Experiment: Origins of words and meanings. Laboratorium, Antwerpen.</li><li style="border:0px solid rgb(217,217,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px;padding-left:0.375em">Steels, L. (1998). The origins of syntax in visually grounded robotic agents. Artificial Intelligence, 103(1-2), 133-156.</li></ol></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Mar 23, 2023 at 11:44 PM Gordon Swobe <<a href="mailto:gordon.swobe@gmail.com">gordon.swobe@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">I can already hear someone saying "but we will include photographs of objects in the training so they have referents," but this still does not do the trick. These digital photographs can be displayed to the human operator of the chatbot, but the bot itself sees only 1s and 0s, on's and off's. It can detect colors by wavelength, but still this is only digital data. It does not see the colors. Likewise with shapes. It is turtles (one's and zero's) all the way down with no referents.<br><br><div>-gts</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Mar 24, 2023 at 12:18 AM Gordon Swobe <<a href="mailto:gordon.swobe@gmail.com" target="_blank">gordon.swobe@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">Nobody least of all me questions that GPT-4 will be capable of amazing feats, and that eventually these language models will surpass humans in terms of what we can call intelligence or what I might for sake of clarity prefer to call apparent intelligence. The question here is whether they will know what they are saying given that they are trained only on the forms of words with no access to the meanings or referents.<br><br>Adrian has made the excellent point a couple of times that this is like the first contact problem in science fiction, and actually like the first contact problem between any two cultures with completely different languages. Q: When Kirk and Spock beam down to a new planet with intelligent alien life, how will they learn to communicate? A: With referents.<br><br>Spock will point to himself and say "Spock." Kirk will point to himself and say "Kirk." Kirk will point to a rock and say "rock." Kirk and Spock use these kinds referents to initiate communication. If our alien friend wants to communicate, he will point to the rock and "fwerasa" (or whatever is his word for rock). He will point to himself and say his name, and so on. Eventually, Spock and the alien will learn how to translate a few words, and from there the process of understanding begins.<br><br>Now, what if they don't beam down to the planet and listen to only digital radio signals coming from the planet and send digital radio signals in return? No communication is possible as there are no referents. It's all noise.<br><br>-gts</div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><br>
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