<div dir="ltr"><b>In the same paragraph, Nagel states that he does not deny that mental states can be causal, which means he is not advancing epiphenomenalism. I also don't see that it follows. His argument is only that subjective experience or qualia cannot be fully reduced to or explained by objective third party descriptions alone. Subjective experience has a first person element that defies any third person description in the language of science or functions or philosophy in general for that matter. This is what is meant by the explanatory gap.<br></b><br>Or everything in the mind is qualia or nothing is qualia. Why the redness or red is more difficult to explain than me thinking about how to calculate the square root of a number? I really do not get it. <br>Yes, there are mysteries like existence in general and the fact we perceive the world in a certain way. That the miriads of neurons somehow unify and pronounce "We are an I". <br>It is cool, beautiful, interesting and fascinating. But there is no explanatory gap. <br><br>Actually, let me put it upside down. THE EXPLANATION IS THE GAP, or the the GAP IS THE EXPLANATION.<div><br>What I mean with that. I tried many times both with Gordon and Brent. The power of science is in the ability to extract what is fundamental and what is not in understanding some phenomenon. For example, when I drop an object on the ground what is essential is that there is an acceleration that acts on the object (we can later explore what causes the acceleration and so on). But this is the essential fact. Yes, there are complications like the presence of wind, air and so on. But the essence of the phenomenon of an object falling near the earth is that it seens there is a constant acceleration (approximately) near the surface of the earth. <br>This is how Galileo investigated the world and this is how science came about. Oh, we also use math to describe most of reality. <br><br>But some one could object and say "But what the presence of air and wind? If I really do the experiment in real life I see that a piece of paper floats and a feather flies away if there is wind and so on and on". It is complex, the simple idea that there is constant acceleration near the surface of the earth doesn't capture the entire picture, there is an explanatory gap !<br>Such a person doesn't undestand how science works. <br><br>I can always introduce all the complications you want. I can model for the presence of air, of wind or anything else you want. But the essence of the phenomenon of a falling object near the earth is that there is what seems a roughly constant acceleration of a given value. <br>The gap or difference between the abstraction and the complexity of the real phenomenon is where the EXPLANATION, the understand really is. <br><br>I have used also the analogy of the MAP IS NOT THE TERRITORY. Usually people mention this fact as a limitation, meaning if one looks at a map you would not be able to experience the real territory. If you look at the picture of a beautiful girl you don't know how it is to kiss her or talk with her about quantum physics. I use this analogy to explain what science is all about. It is about making maps. There is power in maps. Their power is the abstraction. It is showing what is essential. They are MODELS. Science is about models, people. <br><br>To me when people mention the EXPLANATORY GAP is basically screaming<b> "But the map is not the territory (they use the analogy in the opposite of how I use it, as a limitation, the bug not the feature) ! </b>I touch this blue line here that you say it represents a river but my finger doesn't become wet !" They want science in a way to recreate the real experience. It is science not magic !<br><br>The gap is the explanation. The fact we abstact and we extract what the real important things are in the brain (as repeated many times these are the patterns) is where our knowledge of the brain comes in. <br>But then a philosopher, marginalized by the dominance of science, wants attention and comes along and screams "but your explanation of how the brain works doesn't make me feel what your redness is (using Brent definitions) !" <br>Or the philosopher screams: "This picture of the beautiful girl doesn't kiss me back, it feels like paper and not like the lips of a person !" I want my money back !!!! Science cannot explain qualias ! <br><br>This philosopher is an idiot and has no clue of what is talking about. This why he has not a PhD in Physics and he had to settle in a PhD in Philosophy. <br><br><br>Giovanni <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Apr 12, 2023 at 1:55 PM Gordon Swobe via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">On Wed, Apr 12, 2023 at 11:25 AM Jason Resch via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org" target="_blank">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br><br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Nagel: We may call this the subjective character of experience. It is
not captured by any of the familiar, recently devised reductive
analyses of the mental, for all of them are logically compatible
with its absence.</div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>This I do not agree with. This is the thinking that leads one to believe qualia are epiphenomenal, and inessential, which leads to zombies, and zombie twins, zombie earths, etc.</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br>In the same paragraph, Nagel states that he does not deny that mental states can be causal, which means he is not advancing epiphenomenalism. I also don't see that it follows. His argument is only that subjective experience or qualia cannot be fully reduced to or explained by objective third party descriptions alone. Subjective experience has a first person element that defies any third person description in the language of science or functions or philosophy in general for that matter. This is what is meant by the explanatory gap.<br><br>(hmm... I see now that at the end of your message, you acknowledged that his view does not lead to epiphenomenalism.)<br><br>There is a sense in which I believe discussions about the philosophy of mind are wastes of time. I agree with Nagel that first person subjective experience is real and central to the question and that it cannot be captured fully in or understood in terms of third party descriptions. This is mostly what I mean when I say that I believe subjectieve experience is primary and irreducible.<br><br>As I've mentioned several times when you have pressed me for answers, the brain/mind is still a great mystery. Neuroscience is still in its infancy. We do not know what are sometimes called the neural correlates of consciousness, or even necessarily that such correlates exist, though I suspect they do. This answer was not good enough for you, and you suggested that I was dodging your questions when actually I was answering honestly that I do know. You wanted me to suppose that the brain/mind is an exception to the rule that understanding comes from statistical correlations, but nobody knows how the brain comes to understand anything.<br><br>I'm much better at arguing what I believe the brain/mind cannot possibly be than what I believe it to be, and I believe it cannot possibly be akin to a digital computer running a large language model. Language models cannot possibly have true understanding of the meanings of individual words or sentences except in terms of their statistical relations to other words and sentences the meanings of which they also cannot possibly understand. I'm glad to see that GPT-4 "knows" how LLMs work and reports the same conclusion.<br><br>-gts <br><br><br></div></div></div>
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