<div dir="auto"><div><br><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Aug 30, 2023, 12:44 PM spike jones via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">.<br>
Subject: Re: [ExI] teachers<br>
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On Wed, 30 Aug 2023, Jason Resch via extropy-chat wrote:<br>
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> Where our understanding is known to be limited limited relates to edge <br>
> conditions, at very tiny or scales, where gravity becomes as strong as the other forces as in black holes, and in cosmic scales, such as the nature of dark matter and dark energy...<br>
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It doesn't work that way however. There is a known particle that carries the force necessary to hold a bunch of positive particles together in the nucleus. It has nothing to do with gravity.<br></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I didn't mean to imply that gravity is what holds nuclei together. That's what the strong force does.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Gravity becomes stronger or as strong as the electromagnetic force in aggregations of mass of around 10^56 protons worth of atoms. This is why nearly all stars are within an order of magnitude of this mass. It is only then that gravitational pressure can overcome repulsion of the positively charged nuclei.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Gravity also becomes as strong as the other forces when the distances approach Planck lengths (or at temperature extremes when photon energies approach "absolute hot".) These scales are trillions of times smaller than protons.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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It is because of that (nuclei holding together against an enormous repulsive force in the positive particles) that physicists discovered quantum mechanics. Cool!<br></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I thought it was Planck investigating black body radiation and Einstein explaining the photoelectric effect in terms of photons. What result are you referring to here?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Jason </div></div>