<div dir="auto"><div><br><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Sep 25, 2023, 7:06 PM BillK via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">On Mon, 25 Sept 2023 at 23:39, Jason Resch via extropy-chat<br>
<<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br>
><br>
<big snip><br>
><br>
> It tells us one thing quite clearly:<br>
> If relativity is true (i.e., nothing can travel faster than light) then measurements do not have single outcomes (i.e., there are many worlds).<br>
> So Aspect's result's are quite extraordinary. He proved that either relativity is false, or, that there are multiple universes.<br>
> This is because if experiments have multiple outcomes, there is no need for any effect to travel faster than light to explain the Bell inequalities. MW can explain all the observations via local interactions that travel at the speed of light or slower.<br>
><br>
> Jason<br>
> _______________________________________________<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
I asked several chatbots (that presumably have been trained on current<br>
quantum theory) and they all agree with Daniel that MWI is only one of<br>
several interpretations of quantum theory.<br></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">All the bots are trained to heavily weight what exists on Wikipedia, which I think accounts for their common answers on these topics.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<br>
One sample response was:<br>
Question:<br>
Does spooky action and violation of Bell's inequalities imply many<br>
worlds interpretation?<br></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I don't think that's a good phrasing. MW holds that there is no spooky action. It only seems that way because experiments have more than one outcome (and we always find ourselves in a branch with consistent results). The Bell inequalities only require spooky action under the condition that experiments only have a single outcome.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I would instead ask the AI(a):</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">What interpretations of quantum mechanics are compatible with local realism, that is, the property that there are no instantaneous faster than light influences?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<br>
Answer | GPT-3.5-Turbo Model<br>
<br>
The violation of Bell's inequalities does not necessarily imply the<br>
Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI) of quantum mechanics. </blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The Bell inequalities together with Aspect's experimental confirmation of them, only imply Many-Worlds if one holds relativity to be true, (and therefore one believes relativity's principle tenet: that causality is limited by the speed of light).</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Bell's<br>
inequalities are mathematical constraints that describe the<br>
correlations between measurements on entangled particles. The<br>
violation of these inequalities indicates that the predictions of<br>
quantum mechanics cannot be explained by local hidden variables,</blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">This is incomplete. See question 32 here, and it's answer: <a href="https://anthropic-principle.com/preprints/manyworlds" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://anthropic-principle.com/preprints/manyworlds</a></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">"To recap. Many-worlds is local and deterministic. Local measurements split local systems (including observers) in a subjectively random fashion; distant systems are only split when the causally transmitted effects of the local interactions reach them. We have not assumed any non-local FTL effects, yet we have reproduced the standard predictions</div><div dir="auto">of QM.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So where did Bell and Eberhard go wrong? They thought that all theories that reproduced the standard predictions must be non-local. It has been pointed out by both Albert [A] and Cramer [C] (who both support different interpretations of QM) that Bell and Eberhard had implicity assumed that every possible measurement -even if not performed - would have yielded a *single* definite result. This assumption is called contra-factual definiteness or CFD [S]. What Bell and Eberhard really proved was that every quantum theory must either violate locality *or* CFD. Many-worlds with its multiplicity of results in different worlds</div><div dir="auto">violates CFD, of course, and thus can be local.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Thus many-worlds is the only local quantum theory in accord with the standard predictions of QM and, so far, with experiment."</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">which<br>
are deterministic properties of the particles that are independent of<br>
the measurements made on them. The MWI is one interpretation of<br>
quantum mechanics that suggests the existence of parallel universes or<br>
multiple worlds to explain the probabilistic nature of quantum<br>
phenomena [10].<br></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">This is true but unrelated to the question you asked.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<br>
The Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics, which is one of<br>
the oldest and most commonly taught interpretations, also takes into<br>
account the violation of Bell's inequalities. It rejects the<br>
assumption of counterfactual definiteness or "realism" and argues that<br>
quantum mechanics is as realistic as any theory of its scope and<br>
maturity can be [12]. The Copenhagen Interpretation emphasizes the<br>
indeterministic nature of quantum mechanics and the need to consider<br>
specific laboratory arrangements and complementary properties of<br>
quantum systems [12].<br></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">This is also irrelevant to your question. What is important here is that CI assumes wave function collapse, and moreover requires that it be instantaneous across any distance of space (and thus faster than light). So measuring a particle on the other side of the galaxy immediately affects the state of its entangled counterpart here in Earth.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Most who believe in CI will maintain that this is not a violation of relativity, as it can't be used to send meaningful information. But to me, this is clearly a violation of it. As Einstein (along with his co-authors) wrote of the situation: <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/405662/files/PhysRev.47.777.pdf">https://cds.cern.ch/record/405662/files/PhysRev.47.777.pdf</a></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">"This makes the reality of P and Q depend upon the process of measurement carried out on the first system, which does not disturb the second system in any way. No reasonable definition of reality could be expected to permit this."</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">And in a 1947 letter to Max Born:</div><div dir="auto">"I cannot seriously believe in [quantum theory] because it cannot be reconciled with the idea that physics should represent a reality in time and space, free from spooky actions at a distance."</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Einstein saw QM (with it's assumption of instantaneous wave function collapse) as fundamentally in conflict with the idea of there being a real world out there, governed by local causal (speed-of-light obeying) interactions.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<br>
It is important to note that the interpretation of Bell's theorem and<br>
its implications for the nature of reality are still subjects of<br>
debate among physicists and philosophers.</blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">That's true.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"> While the violation of<br>
Bell's inequalities suggests non-locality and challenges certain<br>
classical notions of reality, it does not necessarily imply the MWI or<br>
any specific interpretation of quantum mechanics [12].<br></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The picture is this:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">There are three explanations for the EPR paradox:</div><div dir="auto">1. Local hidden variables</div><div dir="auto">2. FTL influences (a.k.a. spooky action)</div><div dir="auto">3. Non-contra-factual definiteness (a.k.a many-worlds)</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Bell's inequalities rule out #1. That means , given Bell's theorem, either #2 or #3 are the remaining possibilities.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Einstein was not aware of #3 as an option, and because he could not believe in spooky action, believed #1. This option was disproven by Bell.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So if anyone wants to, in the spirit of Einstein, continue to believe the speed of light means something, the only option left is #3.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Jason</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<br>
In summary:<br>
Violation of Bell's inequalities indicates that the predictions of<br>
quantum mechanics cannot be explained by local hidden variables.<br>
The Many-Worlds Interpretation is one possible interpretation of<br>
quantum mechanics that suggests the existence of parallel worlds, but<br>
the violation of Bell's inequalities does not necessarily imply this<br>
interpretation.<br>
The Copenhagen Interpretation is another widely taught interpretation<br>
that takes into account the violation of Bell's inequalities and<br>
emphasizes the indeterministic nature of quantum mechanics.<br>
The interpretation of Bell's theorem and its implications for the<br>
nature of reality are still subjects of debate among physicists and<br>
philosophers [10] [12].<br>
-----------------------------<br>
<br>
BillK<br>
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