<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, 27 Apr 2024 at 05:48, Kelly Anderson via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Thank you for that clarification. It can only be expected from a book<br>
published in 2004 that some of the stories told would be contradicted<br>
at this point. His books are extremely broad, and it seems that it<br>
would be VERY difficult to touch such broad subject matter without<br>
making some mistakes. To clarify further, were the stories of<br>
infanticide on Tikipia supported by Raymond Firth?<br>
<br>
We may have a Claude hallucination one way or another, because Claude<br>
just told me, "To my knowledge, Raymond Firth did not directly comment<br>
on or disagree with Jared Diamond's synopsis of Tikopia, as Firth<br>
passed away in 2002, before the publication of Diamond's book.<br>
However, Diamond's account of Tikopia drew heavily from Firth's<br>
detailed ethnographic work." Unless Diamond said something before<br>
Firth died aside from what he published, I don't see how it's likely<br>
Firth would have said anything about a book published after his<br>
death...<br>
<br>
I have included a full conversation I had with Claude at the end of<br>
this email if you're interested in Claude's take.<br>
<br>
-Kelly<br>
_______________________________________________<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">I think that word construction must be a Claude hallucination, though the point made is still correct.</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default"></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">I asked the new llama-3-70b-instruct AI for a second opinion.</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">I also asked llama-3 about infanticide.</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">llama-3 quotes book and page number references, so it may be more reliable.<br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">In both cases, it seems to be that these events did happen sometimes on Tikopia, but it wasn't an official social policy.</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">Human society is usually a mess of confused ideas and actions!</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">BillK <br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">llama-3-70b-instruct -<br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default"><span class="gmail-md gmail-svelte-ftv0x7 gmail-chatbot"><p>In Firth's book "We, the
Tikopia" (1936), he discusses the concept of "sea-refusal" (Tikopian:
"taviti"), which refers to a situation where a group of people, often
young men, would deliberately set sail in a canoe without intending to
return, effectively abandoning their island community. Firth notes that
this practice was not uncommon in Tikopian history, particularly during
times of famine, war, or social unrest.</p>
<p>However, Firth is careful to distinguish "sea-refusal" from suicide. He writes:</p>
<p>"'Sea-refusal' is not a form of suicide, but rather a means of
escaping from the difficulties of life on the island... The motive is
not to die, but to get away from the troubles of the island, and to seek
a new life elsewhere." (Firth, 1936, p. 292)</p>
<p>Firth emphasizes that the Tikopians did not condone or encourage
suicide, and that "sea-refusal" was seen as a way to avoid conflict,
famine, or other crises, rather than a means of population control.</p>
<p>In a later work, "History and Traditions of Tikopia" (1961), Firth
reiterates this point, stating that "there is no evidence to suggest
that the Tikopians ever practiced a form of population control through
suicide or deliberate exposure to danger" (Firth, 1961, p. 134).</p>
<p>So, to answer your question, yes, Firth did contradict the claim made
by Jared Diamond about organized suicide voyages in Tikopia as a method
of population control. Firth's work provides a more nuanced
understanding of Tikopian culture and history, highlighting the
complexity of their social dynamics and the importance of
contextualizing their practices within their unique cultural framework.</p><p>----------------------------------<br></p></span></div><div><span class="gmail-md gmail-svelte-ftv0x7 gmail-chatbot"><p>Yes, Raymond Firth did mention
infanticide as a practice that existed on Tikopia, although he did not
portray it as a deliberate method of population control.</p>
<p>In "We, the Tikopia" (1936), Firth discusses the Tikopian practice of
infanticide, which he refers to as "child-murder" or "infant-killing".
He notes that this practice was not uncommon in Tikopian society,
particularly in cases where the child was born with physical defects,
was the result of an adulterous relationship, or was born to a woman who
was not married.</p>
<p>Firth writes:</p>
<p>"Infant-killing is a practice which has been known in Tikopia, though
it is not common. It is usually performed by the mother, and is most
often done in cases where the child is deformed or is the result of an
illicit union." (Firth, 1936, p. 246)</p>
<p>However, Firth does not suggest that infanticide was a deliberate
method of population control on Tikopia. Instead, he frames it as a
social response to specific circumstances, such as illegitimacy or
physical defects, rather than a means of regulating population growth.</p>
<p>In fact, Firth notes that the Tikopians placed a high value on
children and that childbearing was seen as an important aspect of
women's roles in society. He writes:</p>
<p>"Children are highly valued in Tikopia, and a woman who has no children is pitied and sometimes despised." (Firth, 1936, p. 245)</p>
<p>Firth's account of infanticide on Tikopia is nuanced and
contextualized within the broader social and cultural framework of the
island. While he does not deny the existence of infanticide, he does not
portray it as a deliberate method of population control, but rather as a
complex and multifaceted practice that was shaped by various social and
cultural factors.</p><p><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">---------------------------</span><br></p></span></div><div> </div></div></div>