<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, 24 Jan 2025 at 09:27, efc--- via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org" target="_blank">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
Nothing new here... they are trying to "commoditize your complement" to <br>
ensure no one gets the ultimate prize and power.<br>
<a href="https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/mbYX3JnohWRF8KTT2/tech-economics-pattern-commoditize-your-complement" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/mbYX3JnohWRF8KTT2/tech-economics-pattern-commoditize-your-complement</a> <br>
.> _______________________________________________<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">I found this article a bit difficult to understand (I am not an economist).</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">So I asked DeepSeek R1 to explain the web page</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default"><<a href="https://gwern.net/complement" target="_blank">https://gwern.net/complement</a>></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">The Thinking, Reasoning and Explanation result is impressive.</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">BillK</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">DeepSeek R1 Thinking -<br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default"><span id="m_-1522548108792864999gmail-clip1257_20794"></span><span></span><div style="font-size:20px;width:20px;height:20px"></div><span id="m_-1522548108792864999gmail-mask0_400_418" width="15" height="15"></span><span></span>Okay, I need to explain the article from Gwern.net about "Commoditize Your Complement" to someone who isn't familiar with economic theory. Let me start by understanding the key points from the search results provided.<div><p></p><p>The main idea seems to be that companies in the tech industry try to make their complementary products into commodities to increase demand for their own products. From webpage 1, Joel Spolsky identified this strategy where a company becomes a monopoly in one layer of the tech stack while making other layers competitive. This drives down prices of the complements, increasing demand for their product. Examples given include Microsoft commoditizing PC hardware with MS-DOS, leading to cheaper PCs and more demand for their OS.</p><p></p><p>I should break down the concepts of complements and substitutes first. Webpage 5 and 9 explain that complements are products used together, like smartphones and apps. If the price of one goes down, demand for the other goes up. Substitutes are alternatives, like tea and coffee. The cross-price elasticity is important here, but maybe I don't need to get too technical.</p><p></p><p>The strategy of commoditizing complements is about making those complementary goods so competitive that their prices drop to marginal cost. This benefits the company's main product. For example, IBM making PC parts commoditized, which helped Microsoft's OS. Webpage 1 also mentions Google investing in projects that make mobile browsing cheaper, which benefits their ad business.</p><p></p><p>I should use simple examples. Like, if a company sells printers, making ink a commodity (cheap and widely available) would make people buy more printers. But if the company instead sells ink, they might make printers cheap to sell more ink. The key is controlling the monopoly layer and commoditizing the rest.</p><p></p><p>Webpage 6 and 2 also support this, mentioning how companies use open-source software to commoditize a layer. For example, IBM supporting Linux to commoditize software and boost their consulting services. Sun's Java tried to make hardware a commodity, which backfired because Sun was a hardware company.</p><p></p><p>I need to explain why companies do this. By making complements cheap, the main product's demand rises. Microsoft didn't care if PC makers competed fiercely because more PCs meant more OS sales. The article also talks about vertical integration vs. this strategy. Vertical integration is controlling all layers, but commoditizing is cheaper and avoids anti-monopoly issues.</p><p></p><p>Maybe use the smartphone example: Apple controls iOS (monopoly) while allowing many app developers (commoditized), so Apple profits from the ecosystem. The article also mentions how this creates a "desert of profitability" around the company, keeping competitors away.</p><p></p><p>I should structure the explanation with an intro to complements, the strategy, examples, and implications. Use simple language, avoid jargon. Check the other webpages for more examples. Webpage 7 has PB&J as complements, which is a good everyday example. Webpage 9's pen and ink example is also helpful.</p><p></p><p>Make sure to cite the relevant webpages as I go. Mention Spolsky's original idea, Microsoft and IBM examples, Google's projects, and the open-source contributions by companies. Highlight the key takeaway: companies focus on monopolizing one part of the stack while making others competitive to boost their profits.</p><p>---------------------------------</p><p><br></p><p>Explanation -<br></p></div></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">Here's a simplified explanation of the article "[Laws of Tech: Commoditize Your Complement](<a href="https://gwern.net/complement" target="_blank">https://gwern.net/complement</a>)" for someone new to economics:<br><br>---<br><br>### **Key Idea: Control One Layer, Make the Rest Cheap**<br>The article describes a common strategy in tech where companies aim to dominate *one part* of a product’s "stack" (like software, hardware, or services) while making other parts *so competitive* that they become cheap commodities. This drives up demand for their own product and lets them capture most of the profits.<br><br>#### **Example 1: Microsoft vs. IBM**<br>- **Microsoft’s Move:** In the 1980s, Microsoft sold its operating system (MS-DOS) to many PC manufacturers, not just IBM. This turned PCs into a commodity—lots of companies made them, prices dropped, and PCs became widespread.<br>- **Result:** Cheap PCs meant more people bought them, which increased demand for Microsoft’s OS. Microsoft became the monopoly in operating systems, while IBM lost control of the PC market.<br><br>#### **Example 2: Printers and Ink**<br>- Imagine a printer company that sells cheap printers but expensive ink. The printers are a "complement" to ink—if printers are affordable, more people buy them, and the company profits from selling pricier ink. Conversely, if ink were cheap, printer sales might rise.<br><br>---<br><br>### **What Are Complements?**<br>- **Complements** are products used together. For example:<br> - Smartphones and apps (cheaper apps → more phone sales).<br> - PB&J sandwiches (if jelly gets expensive, fewer people buy bread and peanut butter).<br>- When the price of one complement drops, demand for the other rises.<br><br>---<br><br>### **Why Companies Do This**<br>1. **Monopoly Power:** By controlling one layer (e.g., software), companies can charge premium prices.<br>2. **Commoditize Complements:** Make other layers (e.g., hardware) cheap and interchangeable. This:<br> - Boosts overall demand for the product stack.<br> - Redirects profits to the monopolized layer.<br>3. **Avoid Competition:** If complements are commoditized, no rival can dominate those layers.<br><br>#### **Real-World Strategies**<br>- **Open-Sourcing Software:** Companies like IBM and Google fund free/open-source projects (e.g., Linux) to commoditize software layers, ensuring their consulting or ad services remain profitable.<br>- **Browsers and Servers:** Netscape gave away its browser to sell more servers.<br>- **Google’s Odd Projects:** Google invests in free tools (e.g., fonts, Android) to make internet access cheaper, which indirectly boosts ad revenue.<br><br>---<br><br>### **Why This Matters**<br>- **Power Dynamics:** Companies like Apple or Microsoft profit by controlling critical layers (iOS/Windows) while letting others compete in apps or hardware.<br>- **Innovation vs. Control:** While commoditizing complements spurs competition in some areas, it can stifle innovation in others (e.g., small hardware makers struggle to profit).<br>- **"Desert of Profitability":** Successful companies create ecosystems where they’re the only profitable player, making it hard for rivals to survive.<br><br>---<br><br>### **Key Takeaway**<br>Tech companies often focus on dominating *one critical part* of a product (like software) while ensuring other parts (like hardware) become cheap and generic. This lets them control pricing, maximize profits, and outlast competitors. Think of it as a game where you corner the market on chess pieces while letting everyone else sell boards.<br><br>For more details, you can explore the full article [here](<a href="https://gwern.net/complement" target="_blank">https://gwern.net/complement</a>).</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">------------------------------<br></div></div></div>
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