<div dir="auto">Public keys are only exposed when money is spent. Otherwise the block chain stores only hashes of public keys.<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">While quantum computers can attack public keys once they are exposed they can't reverse cryptographic hash functions.<br><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So when the usual convention that addresses only spend bitcoin once is followed, stored funds are not vulnerable to quantum attacks. Instead an attacker would have to wait until money is spent, intercept that transaction, break the key, and try to double spend before the transaction is accepted by other nodes.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">And all this assumes there's no migration to post-quantum-secure cryptography between now and the future where such attacks become possible. These algorithms not only already exist, but they have been standardized and vetted:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><a href="https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/08/nist-releases-first-3-finalized-post-quantum-encryption-standards">https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/08/nist-releases-first-3-finalized-post-quantum-encryption-standards</a></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So I think it's only a matter of time before we see upgrades to cryptocurrency protocols to support keys based on these algorithms, which are invulnerable to quantum attacks.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Jason </div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Nov 17, 2025, 9:49 AM John Clark via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Nov 16, 2025 at 9:07 AM Adrian Tymes via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Even if all of this is true, wait until that computer actually<span class="gmail_default"> </span>comes out. This isn't Roko's Basilisk;<span class="gmail_default"> </span>this computer can't affect things before it exists. </i></font></blockquote><div><br></div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Actually it can. There will come a time when quantum computers have made a lot of progress very rapidly but they're still not big enough to run Shor’s algorithm<span class="gmail_default">;</span> however,<span class="gmail_default"> </span>an increasingly large number of people realize that they soon will be, and then there's going to be a wave of panic selling. Sure you could theoretically make a lot of money if you waited to sell your bitcoin's until the day before the onset of the panic, but your timing would need to be perfect. You'<span class="gmail_default">d</span> be playing Russian roulette with your money.</b></font></div><div class="gmail_quote"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><br></b></font></div><div class="gmail_quote"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><span class="gmail_default"><b>John K Clark</b></span><br></font><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
On Sun, Nov 16, 2025 at 8:14 AM John Clark via extropy-chat<br>
<<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br>
><br>
> Quantum computer expert Scott Aaronson has always been a vocal critic of the excessive hype surrounding his subject, but just a few days ago he wrote this:<br>
><br>
> "I now think it’s a live possibility that we’ll have a fault-tolerant quantum computer running Shor’s algorithm before the next US presidential election. And I say that not only because of the possibility of the next US presidential election getting cancelled, or preempted by runaway superintelligence!"<br>
><br>
> When we have a quantum computer big enough to run Shor's algorithm, bitcoin becomes worthless. Aaronson then says this:<br>
><br>
> "The two biggest known application areas for QC remain (a) quantum simulation and (b) the breaking of public-key cryptography, just as they were thirty years ago."<br>
><br>
> Quantum Computing, too much to handle<br>
><br>
> John K Clark<br>
><br>
><br>
</blockquote></div></div>
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