<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">On Sun, 25 Jan 2026 at 12:45, John Clark via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org" target="_blank">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br>><br>> From the Earth a Dyson sphere (or swarm) would look like a point source of extremely intense infrared radiation caused by waste heat, and if anything like that existed in the Milky Way we would've noticed it by now, but we have seen nothing like it. And because of the theoretical possibility of Von Neumann probes, I wouldn't expect to see just one Dyson Sphere, I would expect to see either lots and lots of them or none at all. <br>><br>> Also, astronomers have scanned about 100,000 nearby galaxies looking for aKardashev Type III civilization, one that has Dyson Spheres around every star in their galaxy, but we have never seen the slightest sign of such a thing. We might not be able to detect a Type III if the galaxy was very very distant, but remember the more distant a galaxy we're looking at is, the closer to the Big Bang it is, and the less time Evolution would have to produce even primitive life, much less intelligent life capable of building a Dyson Sphere around every star in a galaxy. And the very early universe was made up of nothing but hydrogen, helium and a tiny trace of lithium, and you can't make much with just that. That's why I think that, although life may be common, we are almost certainly the only intelligent life in the observable universe. <br>><br>> John K Clark<br><div>> _______________________________________________</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">Gemini makes the point that once a civ develops controlled fusion power, there will be no requirement to build a Dyson swarm. </div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">Especially when compared to dismantling a planet to get material for the Dyson swarm.</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">So you are probably correct to assume that there are no Dyson swarms anywhere.</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">Though no Dyson swarms does not necessarily mean no advanced civs anywhere.</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">BillK</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">Gemini 3 AI - </div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default"><div style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px" id="m_-7988375365280177308m_-6741075448960399908gmail-model-response-message-contentr_2f2bb1c8d47acf44" dir="ltr"><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Building a Dyson swarm is one of those "theoretically possible but practically insane" concepts. It doesn't break the laws of physics, but it certainly tests the limits of our patience and planetary resources.</p><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">To answer your question directly: No, it isn't <b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">physically impossible</b>, but it requires a level of engineering and resource management that we currently view as science fiction.</p><hr style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><h2 style="font-family:Google Sans,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">The "Material" Problem</h2><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">The biggest hurdle isn't the technology—it's the sheer amount of "stuff" needed. <span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">To capture a significant fraction of the Sun’s <sup style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent"></sup></span><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">$3.8 \times 10^{26}$</span><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"> watts of power, you need a massive surface area.<sup style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent"></sup></span></p><div style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><button aria-label="View source details for citation from Britannica. Opens side panel." style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"></button></div><p></p><ul style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><li style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">The Mercury Sacrifice:</b> To build a swarm of collectors, we would likely need to dismantle an entire planet. <b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Mercury</b> is the prime candidate because it’s metal-rich and close to the Sun (lower "shipping" costs).</p></li><li style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"></span><b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">The Logistics:</span></b><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"> You’d need self-replicating robots.<sup style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent"></sup></span> You send a few to Mercury, they mine, build more robots, and eventually start churning out solar collectors.</p><div style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><button aria-label="View source details for citation from Medium. Opens side panel." style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"></button></div><p></p></li></ul><h3 style="font-family:Google Sans,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Why a "Swarm" and not a "Sphere"?</h3><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Science fiction often depicts a </span><b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Dyson Sphere</span></b><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">—a solid shell around a star.<sup style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent"></sup></span> <b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">That is physically impossible.</b> A solid shell would have no internal gravitational pull toward the star, meaning the slightest nudge would send it crashing into the sun. It would also be under unimaginable structural tension. A <b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Swarm</b> of independent satellites is the only way to go.</p><div style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><button aria-label="View source details for citation from Wikipedia. Opens side panel." style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"></button></div><p></p><hr style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><h2 style="font-family:Google Sans,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Environmental & Engineering Hurdles</h2><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Even if you have the material, space is a "hostile work environment" for a few reasons:</p><ol start="1" style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><li style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Orbital Mechanics:</b> You can't just park a billion satellites. They have to orbit. If those orbits cross, you risk a "Kessler Syndrome" on a solar scale—a chain reaction of collisions that turns your power plant into a cloud of shrapnel.</p></li><li style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Radiation and Heat:</b> The collectors would be bombarded by solar wind and intense heat, requiring high-end materials that don't degrade over centuries.</p></li><li style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Light Pressure:</b><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"> Sunlight itself exerts pressure.<sup style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px;font-size:16px;background-color:transparent"></sup></span> For very light collectors, the Sun's light might actually push them out of orbit unless they are actively steered.</p><div style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><button aria-label="View source details. Opens side panel." style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"></button></div><p></p></li></ol><hr style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><h2 style="font-family:Google Sans,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Alternatives to a Full Swarm</h2><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">If dismantling Mercury sounds like too much work for a Monday, there are "Dyson-lite" options:</p><table style="margin-bottom:32px;font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><thead style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><tr style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><td style="border:1px solid;font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">Alternative</b></td><td style="border:1px solid;font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">How it Works</b></td><td style="border:1px solid;font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">Pros/Cons</b></td></tr></thead><tbody style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><tr style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><td style="border:1px solid;font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Dyson Ring</b></span></td><td style="border:1px solid;font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">A single ring of collectors around the star.</span></td><td style="border:1px solid;font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Much less material; captures way less energy.</span></td></tr><tr style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><td style="border:1px solid;font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Dyson Bubble</b></span></td><td style="border:1px solid;font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Collectors are "statites" (stationary satellites) held up by light pressure.</span></td><td style="border:1px solid;font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">No complex orbits needed; requires incredibly light materials.</span></td></tr><tr style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><td style="border:1px solid;font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Stellar Lifting</b></span></td><td style="border:1px solid;font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Removing material directly from the star's surface.</span></td><td style="border:1px solid;font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Extends the star's life and gives you raw hydrogen; incredibly difficult.</span></td></tr><tr style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><td style="border:1px solid;font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Matrioshka Brain</b></span></td><td style="border:1px solid;font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">A series of Dyson swarms nested inside each other.</span></td><td style="border:1px solid;font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Maximum computing power; essentially a solar-system-sized supercomputer.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 style="font-family:Google Sans,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">The "Reality Check" Alternative</h3><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Before we build a swarm, we’ll likely look at <b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Fusion Power</b> on Earth. If we can master the same process the Sun uses (<span style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">$H + H \rightarrow He + Energy$</span>) here on the ground, the "need" to capture the Sun's entire output becomes a luxury rather than a necessity.</p><hr style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><br></p></div></div></div></div>
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