<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">On Sun, 25 Jan 2026 at 21:22, John Clark via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org" target="_blank">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:</div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>You may not be proposing it but<span class="gmail_default"> it's not realistic to propose nobody anywhere will be dissatisfied with the pitifully small amount of energy that a fusion reactor that can fit on a planet's surfers can produce, and it's not realistic to propose </span><span class="gmail_default">that intelligent life is common but nobody develops Nanotechnology even though it requires no breakthroughs in physics, just improved engineering. </span> And once you have that<span class="gmail_default">, then just one 10^-12 gram self reproducing machine would be all you'd need to give your solar system a Dyson sphere. But even our largest telescopes have seen no signs of a Dyson Sphere, I maintain that the best explanation for that observational fact is that we are alone in the observable universe.</span></b><span class="gmail_default"> </span></font><span class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span></div><div><span class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></span></div><div><span class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>John K Clark</b></font></span></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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_______________________________________________<br></blockquote><div><br></div><br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">I asked Claude Opus 4,5 - Will all advanced civilizations build a Dyson swarm around their star?<p>Claude suggested that this idea could be a mistaken projection of 20th-century ideas onto the cosmos.</p><p>BillK</p><p><br></p><p>Claude -</p><h1>The Dyson Swarm Assumption</h1>
<p>The idea that advanced civilizations will inevitably construct Dyson swarms—vast collections of solar collectors surrounding a star—stems from physicist Freeman Dyson's 1960 argument that energy-hungry civilizations would eventually need to capture most of their star's output. This has become almost axiomatic in SETI and futurism, but it rests on assumptions worth questioning.</p>
<h2>Why Civilizations Might <i>Not</i> Build Dyson Swarms</h2>
<p><b>Energy demand may plateau.</b> The assumption of exponential energy growth extrapolates industrial-era trends indefinitely. But civilizations might reach equilibrium states where efficiency gains, population stabilization, or changed values reduce energy appetite. A civilization that masters nanotechnology, for instance, might accomplish tremendous feats with remarkably little energy. The Dyson swarm presupposes a particular trajectory—endless expansion—that may not be universal.</p>
<p><b>The economics might never work.</b> Disassembling planets to build millions of habitats or collectors is an almost inconceivably vast engineering project. Even with advanced automation, the coordination problems, time horizons (centuries to millennia), and opportunity costs might make it perpetually unattractive compared to alternatives. No single generation may have sufficient incentive to begin a project their distant descendants would complete.</p>
<p><b>Biological or post-biological priorities may shift.</b> A civilization that uploads itself into digital substrates might find that computational efficiency matters more than raw energy capture. Running on a few extremely optimized computing nodes near a star's surface could be preferable to building a swarm. Alternatively, a civilization that values wilderness, aesthetics, or minimal intervention might deliberately limit its footprint.</p>
<h2>Alternative Approaches to Energy and Expansion</h2>
<p><b>Stellar lifting and star engineering.</b> Rather than passively collecting starlight, a civilization might actively extract matter from its star—harvesting hydrogen for fusion reactors elsewhere or adjusting the star's properties. This provides fuel for distributed activities without requiring megastructures in fixed orbits.</p>
<p><b>Exploiting compact objects.</b> Black holes offer energy extraction through the Penrose process, superradiance, or Hawking radiation (for smaller black holes). A rotating black hole can theoretically yield up to 29% of its mass-energy, and the power densities are extraordinary. Neutron stars similarly offer intense gravitational and magnetic energy. Civilizations near such objects might find them preferable to their parent stars.</p>
<p><b>Vacuum energy or exotic physics.</b> If zero-point energy extraction or other speculative physics proves viable, the entire premise of stellar-scale collection becomes obsolete. A civilization with access to such sources wouldn't need to build anything around stars at all.</p>
<p><b>Distributed interstellar presence.</b> Rather than maximizing energy capture in one system, a civilization might spread thinly across many star systems, using modest resources from each. This hedges existential risk and may suit species with slow metabolisms, long lifespans, or virtual existence where physical proximity matters little.</p>
<p><b>Artificial fusion or antimatter production.</b> With sufficiently advanced technology, manufacturing fuel directly might be more practical than collecting diffuse starlight. Antimatter, though expensive to produce, has extraordinary energy density. A civilization might invest in production infrastructure rather than collection infrastructure.</p>
<h2>The Deeper Question</h2>
<p>The Dyson swarm hypothesis reveals our assumptions more than it predicts alien behavior. It imagines civilizations as maximizers—of energy, of expansion, of capability. But optimization can take many forms. A civilization might maximize for longevity (favoring low-energy steady states), for experience quality (favoring depth over breadth), for minimal suffering (favoring small populations), or for values entirely alien to us.</p>
<p>The absence of obvious Dyson swarms in our observations—Fermi's paradox in one of its guises—might indicate that the whole framework is mistaken. Perhaps the universe is full of civilizations quietly tending their gardens, running ancestor simulations on modest hardware, or existing in forms we wouldn't recognize as technological at all. The Dyson swarm, in this view, is a projection of 20th-century industrial ambitions onto the cosmos, not a universal attractor for intelligence.</p><p>------------------------------------------</p></div></div></div>
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