<div dir="ltr"><div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4">Of course none of us know the proper values to plug into each variable of Drake's equation with any kind of certainty, but based on the overwhelming galactic silence and reading the book Rare Earths (along with other similar writings), I've come to the sad conclusion that the odds are very high that we are the only intelligent life in the observable universe. There just seem to be way too many steps to get here and many of them may be very unlikely to be repeated with any kind of regularity.</font></div><div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><br></font></div><div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4">As an example, plate tectonics may be required for intelligent life to evolve, and of course the more obvious leap from prokaryotes to oxygen loving eukaroytes, along with our moon and a Jupiter like gas giant further out to limit impact size and frequency. There are many more considerations as well.</font></div><div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><br></font></div><div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4">I would expect to find mats of bacterial scum covering many planets throughout the universe, but believe the odds of intelligent life evolving with the capability of sophisticated culture, language, and tool building are likely so low that Fermi's paradox is not really a paradox...</font></div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Jan 25, 2026 at 7:44 AM John Clark via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><b style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:large"><span class="gmail_default">That's why I think that, although life may be common, we are almost certainly the only <u>intelligent</u> life in the <u>observabl</u>e universe. </span></b></div><div><br></div></div></div>
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