<div dir="auto"><div><br><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Feb 21, 2026, 7:27 AM John Clark <<a href="mailto:johnkclark@gmail.com">johnkclark@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">On Fri, Feb 20, 2026 at 4:16 PM Jason Resch via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:</span></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>Which is more fundamental,<span class="gmail_default"> the English language word "c-o-w" or the thing with four legs that can produce milk? </span></b></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>I see you remain confused</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>And I see you have not answered my question.<span class="gmail_default"> </span> </b></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I answered it previously when I agreed there is math the human invented language, and there is the separate (plausibly fundamental) mathematical reality. The format of this question is leading, as it continues under the frame that math can only refer to math as the human invented language, which is why I referred you to look at the triangle.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Consider the question of the organization of reality, and how we agree on layers 8 - 4.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Humans have ideas about all kinds of things, including ideas about physics and ideas about math. Okay? We agree on this much I think.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">When I talk about the plausibility of mathematical objects as plausibly being fundamental I am speaking of layers 1 & 2, not layer 8.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">8. Human ideas about math and physics</div><div dir="auto">7. Human Ideas </div><div dir="auto">6. Human minds</div><div dir="auto">5. Human brains</div><div dir="auto">4. Our physical universe</div><div dir="auto">3. All existing universes in a multiverse </div><div dir="auto">2. All computations playing out in all possible ways</div><div dir="auto">1. Mathematical truth</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">You are trying to use the word "math" to refer only to "ideas of math," but this is as mistaken as the idealist who uses the word "physics" to refer to only "ideas of physics."</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">For some reason, you do not want to ask any deeper questions about what may underlie the physical universe. Perhaps you want it to be an unanswerable brute fact, and simply accept that it will forever be a mystery why the universe has quantum mechanical laws, what breathes fire into the equations, why these laws and not others, why there is anything at all, why the universe is comprehensible, etc.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">But if you are willing to venture just a little deeper, to ask a question you were not previously inclined to ask, you will find that out understanding of physics can expand much deeper and can answer all these aforementioned previously unanswerable questions, and more.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>by the circularity inherent to the triangle.I suggest taking a look at the paper I linked.</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>I already had and I was not impressed<span class="gmail_default"> by </span>Penrose’s<span class="gmail_default"> triangle. Mind is just what the brain, which needs to be made of matter to work, does.</span></b></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">And that's where you hit a wall and stop asking further questions. Other great physicists, however, do not stop there. They ask questions like:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"> Why is there something rather than nothing?</div><div dir="auto">-- Leibniz</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Why is the universe so comprehensible?</div><div dir="auto">-- Einstein</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Why is the universe so mathematical?</div><div dir="auto">-- Wigner</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">How come the quantum?</div><div dir="auto">-- Wheeler</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Why these laws and not others?</div><div dir="auto">-- Smolin</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Why does infinite logic underlie physics?</div><div dir="auto">-- Feynman</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">What breathes fire into the equations?</div><div dir="auto">-- Hawking</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Are you curious about any of these questions? If so I can provide you plausible answers. However it will require you to expand your ontology beyond the matter you can see.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">That you are willing to do this for the quantum multiverse to explain the measurement problem gives me hope that you might similarly accept an expanded ontology of it solved other fundamental problems in physics.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default"> And chimpanzees, which are made of matter, can produce mind, but they do not have math. And the rest of the paper was equally unimpressive, which wasn't surprising because the 3 authors (none of whom is Roger Penrose) admit right at the start that they don't agree even among themselves and "</span><i><u>hold three divergent views</u></i><span class="gmail_default"><u></u>"</span>.</b></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Yes and that was exactly their point: physics itself makes no claim that physics is the most fundamental thing there is. And so, the three authors, all of whom are physicists, can disagree on the answer to this question. You however, do not seem to appreciate this fact, and seem to believe that if one believes in physics, one must further believe that physics is the most fundamental thing in reality. But that runs counter to the opening statement of the paper: three physicists disagree about what is most fundamental.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><br></div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>Without access to reality<span class="gmail_default"> by way of experiment, </span>mathematics can't explain anything physical, except perhaps for the second law of thermodynamics.<span class="gmail_default"> </span></b></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>It can also explain:</i></font></div><div><ul><li><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>Why there is an ontology of parallel states (e.g. many-worlds)</i></font></li><li><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>Why the universe follows the Schrödinger equation</i></font></li><li><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>The linearity of quantum mechanics</i></font></li><li><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>Why Occam's razor works so reliably</i></font></li><li><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>Why the universe has a beginning (a time which we can't retrodict to earlier states)</i></font></li><li><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>Why the universe has time</i></font></li><li><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>Why physical laws are simple</i></font></li><li><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>Why physical laws, can at best, only offer probabilistic predictions</i></font></li><li><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>Why laws are computable</i></font></li><li><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>Why there is general relativity</i></font></li></ul><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>What theory in physics are you aware of that can explain these facts?</i></font></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>I<span class="gmail_default"> </span>only have answers to<span class="gmail_default"> 3 of those questions. </span> Occam's razor<span class="gmail_default"> is simply a matter of economy, we don't have access to infinite computing capacity therefore it is wise to look for the least complex way you can to find an answer to a puzzle, and as a result of that fundamental laws tend to be simple.</span></b></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">What we find is a bit stronger than that. Consider these statements:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">"A very interesting question to me is: is the universe more complicated than it needs to be to have us here? In other words, is there anything in the universe which is just here to amuse physicists?</div><div dir="auto">It’s happened again and again that there was something which seemed like it was just a frivolity like that, where later we’ve realized that in fact, “No, if it weren’t for that little thing we wouldn’t be here.”</div><div dir="auto">I’m not convinced actually that we have anything in this universe which is completely unnecessary to life."</div><div dir="auto">-- Max Tegmark in “What We Still Don’t Know: Why Are We Here” (2004)</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">"In this paper I show why, in an ensemble theory of the universe, we should be inhabiting one of the elements of that ensemble with least information content that satisfies the anthropic principle. This explains the effectiveness of aesthetic principles such as Occam’s razor in predicting usefulness of scientific theories."</div><div dir="auto">-- Russell Standish in “Why Occam’s Razor” (2004)</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So it's not just that things here and there tend to be simple. It's that the laws appear to be, information-theoretically, as absolutely simple as they could be under the constraint that we exist. That is: there's not one extra particle, one one extra force, that could be done away with without either dooming our existence, or making the laws more complex. This is the conclusion of Tegmark and Standish as it pertains to Occam's razor.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default"> And if there are any physical laws that are not computable then we wouldn't be able to find them, therefore any laws that we do find are going to be computable. </span></b></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">This would be a valid argument if there were things that happened which we could not explain with any laws. However, our standard model of physics can explain virtually everything. And all of it is computable.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The remaining gaps, say dark matter, or quantum gravity, are gaps mainly due to a lack data at those scales. Very few believe the gap is due to the existence of a fundamental uncomputable physical law. If that assumption is correct, then a complete physical theory of everything would be fully computable, and not being able to find uncomputable parts would have no bearing, as there would be no uncomputable parts.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default"> </span></b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><span class="gmail_default"><b>As for the other questions on your list, forget about finding the answers, </b></span></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">This is a very unscientific attitude.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><span class="gmail_default"><b>without access to physical reality you wouldn't even know what questions to ask.</b></span></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">We are led to believe in this greater ontology precisely because the properties of the physical reality we can see so strongly suggests it.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><span class="gmail_default"><b> The most profound question of all is not on your list, it is "</b><u style="font-weight:bold">Why is there something rather than nothing?</u><b>", </b></span></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">If you keep asking "why?" in response to any answer, eventually you reach a point where no further answers are possible:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">"For the question to be properly, fully answered, we need a sufficient reason that has no need of any further reason—a ‘Because’ that doesn’t throw up a further ‘Why?’ [...] It must be something that exists necessarily, carrying the reason for its existence within itself; only that can give us a sufficient reason at which we can stop, having no further Why?-question taking us from this being to something else."</div><div dir="auto">-- Leibniz</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Why does the universe exist?</div><div dir="auto">> Because it is part of an infinite multiverse.</div><div dir="auto">Why does an infinite multiverse exist?</div><div dir="auto">> Because all computations exist.</div><div dir="auto">Why do all computations exist?</div><div dir="auto">> Because they follow from true relationships among Diophantine equations.</div><div dir="auto">Why are there true relationships among Diophantine equations?</div><div dir="auto">> Because certain mathematical truths hold</div><div dir="auto">Why do mathematical truths hold?</div><div dir="auto">> Because 2+2=4, and not 5</div><div dir="auto">Why does 2+2=4?</div><div dir="auto">> It just is.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"></div><div dir="auto">For me, reaching "because 2+2=4" is a satisfactory stopping point. A "because" that throws up no further why.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">If you are happy with stopping at "it just is" when someone asks why the universe or multiverse exist, I am happy for you.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><span class="gmail_default"><b>but if you didn't have access to physical reality you wouldn't even know there was something that needed explaining. </b></span></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">True, but irrelevant.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Jason </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default"><br></span></b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default">Also, consider a mathematical model of a hurricane and a real physical hurricane, is the physical hurricane modeling the mathematical representation or is the mathematical representation modeling the physical hurricane? </span></b></font><b style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:large"><span class="gmail_default"> You'd expect the real deal to be more complex than a mere model, so if you're right then the physical hurricane should be simpler than the mathematical model that is running on a computer, but that is not the case. It is never the case, the mathematical model <u>always</u> uses approximations, the physical hurricane never does. </span></b></div><div><b style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:large"><span class="gmail_default"><br></span></b></div><div><br></div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Even large finite numbers can't exist in our heads.<span class="gmail_default"> Computers have calculated 105 trillion digits of π,</span> but if you want to calculate the circumference of the observable universe<span class="gmail_default"> from its radius to the greatest accuracy that physically makes sense, the Planck length, you'd only need the first 62 digits. So I think the 63rd digit has less reality than the 62nd, and the </span>105 trillion<span class="gmail_default">th even less.</span></b></font></div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>We could also say that physical laws depend on or are downstream of higher mathematical laws. So if physics laws can be said to exist, then in the same sense these mathematical laws (i.e. rules) can also be said to exist.</i></font></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default"></span></b></font><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>I believe it is probable that mathematics is the language of physics but is a language nevertheless, if that is true then you've got it backwards, physics is more fundamental than mathematics. The English word "cow" cannot produce milk and it exists only within the mind of a human, but the thing that can produce milk exists within the human mind and outside of it too. </b></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><br></font><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div><div class="gmail_quote"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>
> To advocate a bit for Platonism, I am wondering how you would class the existence of mathematical truths and objects.</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>If Jane, Susan and John find <span class="gmail_default">9</span> cupcakes<span class="gmail_default"> and they decide to divide them up equally among themselves, how many cupcakes does each person get? The answer to this word puzzle is 3, it is a mathematical truth, however none of those 9 cupcakes are physically real. Mathematics is capable of generating puzzles of arbitrary difficulty and complexity, however that doesn't necessarily mean they have any reality outside of the mind that is attempting to solve the puzzle. </span> </b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><br></b></font></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span> when one of our useful mathematical theories says it is true that "$1000 - $995 = $5" also tells us that 9 is non-prime because an integer factor of 9</i></font></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Here is another word puzzle, Jane, Susan and John decide to arrange those 9 cupcakes<span class="gmail_default"> into a square (or a rectangle), would that be physically possible? The answer is yes. Here is yet another word puzzle </span>Jane, Susan and John decide to arrange <span class="gmail_default">11</span> cupcakes<span class="gmail_default"> into a square (or a rectangle), would that be physically possible? The answer is no. But none of these word puzzles has any bearing on the existence of cupcakes, we could've just as easily been talking about unicorns instead of cupcakes. </span></b></font></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>It is no different from the physicists who takes general relativity serious and who concludes, based on the measured curvature of the universe, that there exist regions space far beyond the cosmological horizon. They are so far away that we will never be able to see them. But these regions must exist if our theory of GR is true.</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>That is a perfectly logical argument<span class="gmail_default">, and that's why I think those who say that the Many Worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics is not science because we could never see those other worlds is invalid. I think those other worlds must exist if quantum mechanics is true. Probably. </span> </b></font></div><div><br></div><div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>"A 53rd Mersenne prime exists."<span class="gmail_default"> </span>Is such a statement true?</i></font></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4"><b>I<font face="tahoma, sans-serif"> don't know but I do know that the<span class="gmail_default"></span> existence or non-existence of a<span class="gmail_default"> </span>53rd Mersenne prime<span class="gmail_default"> makes a difference only within the mind attempting to find it or attempting to prove it doesn't exist. The planets will continue on with their orbits unchanged regardless of what the answer to that word puzzle turns out to be. </span></font></b></font></div></div><div><br></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote></div></div>
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