<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">On Sun, Feb 22, 2026 at 9:38 AM Jason Resch via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:</span></div></div><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>No, you <span class="gmail_default">STILL</span> haven't answered my question<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">.</span><span class="gmail_default"> Which is more fundamental, the English word </span> <span class="gmail_default">"c-o-w" or </span><span class="gmail_default">the thing with four legs that can produce milk? I think the thing with four legs is more fundamental. Do you disagree? </span></b></font></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>The cow just more fundamental than our ideas or language describing cows.</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Thank you.<span class="gmail_default" style=""> </span> </b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><br></b></font></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Just as the physical universe is more fundamental than our human ideas and theories about physics. And just as the integers are more fundamental than our symbols like "1" and "2".</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>So we both agree<span class="gmail_default" style=""> that the underlying mathematics would be the same regardless of what language was used to express it, but do you also believe, as most mathematicians do, that mathematics itself is a language? I think it is and if it is then like any language it could be used to write both fiction and nonfiction, and some very abstract realms of higher mathematics might be compared to a Lord Of The Rings book telling us in great detail how dragons behave even though dragons do not exist and even describing other languages even though nothing has ever used or is using or will use those languages except the author of the book. In literature that's called "world building". </span></b></font></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><i><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><span class="gmail_default">>>> </span>When I talk about the plausibility of mathematical objects as plausibly being fundamental I am speaking of layers 1 & 2, not layer 8.</font></i></div><div dir="auto"><i><font size="4" face="georgia, serif">8. Human ideas about math and physics</font></i></div><div dir="auto"><i><font size="4" face="georgia, serif">7. Human Ideas </font></i></div><div dir="auto"><i><font size="4" face="georgia, serif">6. Human minds</font></i></div><div dir="auto"><i><font size="4" face="georgia, serif">5. Human brains</font></i></div><div dir="auto"><i><font size="4" face="georgia, serif">4. Our physical universe</font></i></div><div dir="auto"><i><font size="4" face="georgia, serif">3. All existing universes in a multiverse </font></i></div><div dir="auto"><i><font size="4" face="georgia, serif">2. All computations playing out in all possible ways</font></i></div><div dir="auto"><i><font size="4" face="georgia, serif">1. Mathematical truth</font></i></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>How can you speak about layers 1 & 2 when you only have access to layers 6,7 and 8?</b></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>For the same reason we can speak of layer 3.</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>I can speak of it because I don't believe in your <span class="gmail_default" style="">8</span> layers<span class="gmail_default" style="">, but you do so you can't. </span><span class="gmail_default" style=""> </span></b></font> </div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><i><font size="4"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>The quantum mechanical properties of this universe strongly suggests it is part of (at least) a quantum multiverse. Likewise the inflationary conditions of the early universe strongly suggests it is part of an infinite eternally inflating universe among countless other bubbles. And similarly, the extreme fine tuning of forces and constants required for life to be possible strongly suggests our universe is one of a huge number of physical universes ruled by other laws.</font></i></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>I agree with all of that<span class="gmail_default" style="">. Physics is capable of producing a hell of a lot of interesting and very diverse stuff, but it cannot produce everything that is conceivable. I</span></b></font><b style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:large"><span class="gmail_default">n none of those other universes is the Second Law Of Thermodynamics untrue and, although this is a little less certain, probably in none of those universes will an electron spontaneously turn into a proton. Nevertheless it would be possible to write a story in English or Spanish or Mathematics or any language in which both those things occur. You could even write a story in which 2+2=5, although such a story would not be consistent, it would be full of plot holes. </span><span class="gmail_default"> </span> </b></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><b> <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>And Information is physical, there is no way you can have "<i>all computations playing out in all possible ways</i>", or even compute 2+2, without a physical universe.<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span></b></font><b style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:large">You need hardware,</b></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Have you ever stopped to ask what hardware computes how an electron behaves in any given situation?</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Yes I have because I<span class="gmail_default" style="">'</span>m a retired<span class="gmail_default" style=""> </span><span class="gmail_default" style="">e</span>lectrical engineer<span class="gmail_default" style=""> and that's how they make their living. </span></b></font></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="">></span> Or consider a photon, which is physically trapped in 0-time, it can't change and therefore it can't compute anything on its own.</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4"><b><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">It's true that time doesn't exist from the viewpoint of a photon<span class="gmail_default" style="">,</span><span class="gmail_default" style=""> so because of that you could conclude that a photon can't compute anything, or you could conclude that a photon can compute everything. But I conclude that neither viewpoint is useful. </span></font></b></font></div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="">> </span> I would again ask what computational substrate powers all the 10^106 operations per second that occur within just the observable part of our universe?</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>The answer is the<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"></span> laws of physics. For example the Pauli Exclusion Principle<span class="gmail_default" style=""> says that an electron in an atom can be in any quantum state but 2 electrons can <u>NOT</u> be in the same quantum state, so physics recognizes a difference between 1 and 2, and once that is done any integer can be defined and computations are possible. Incidentally </span>the Pauli Exclusion Principle<span class="gmail_default" style=""> is the only reason that the chair you're sitting in right now does not sink down to the center of the Earth. </span></b></font><div> </div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>My own answer to that question is "particular mathematical structures, by their very nature, can compute on their own."</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>If mathematical structures can perform computations <u>on their own</u><span class="gmail_default" style=""> then why is Nvidia the most valuable company in the world? </span> Instead of spending trillions of dollars on huge data centers<span class="gmail_default" style=""> why don't companies like OpenAI and Anthropic just buy a book about those data structures and let the book perform those computations? I'll tell you why, because that won't work. </span></b></font></div><div><br></div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><font size="4"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-style:italic;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span><i>The discoveries are not mine, I simply am trying to get the word out by writing about them.</i></font></div><div dir="auto"><font size="4"><i>See the work of Marchal,<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span> Standish, Mueller, and Wolfram </i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="">Standish is a big fan of Marchal and </span>I am <span class="gmail_default" style=""><u>VERY</u></span> familiar with<span class="gmail_default" style=""> </span>Marcha<span class="gmail_default" style="">l's work, and I find it to be utterly worthless. I don't know Mueller but I have read a few books by Wolfram and although I don't agree with everything he said I certainly wouldn't say his ideas are worthless. </span></b></font></div><div><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><font size="4"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span> You have been on a mailing list with 2 out of 4 of these people for decades and you still pretend these ideas are alien to you.</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Far from pretending these ideas are unknown to <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">me</span><span class="gmail_default" style=""> I've been debating with those 2 people for the better part of a decade, and I still think their ideas are full of holes. </span> </b></font></div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i> <span class="gmail_default" style="">> </span>Now for the big one: see Russell's work in deducing the Schrodinger equation from pure mathematics. Surely, you will admit, if that can be done,</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Deriving Schrodinger's Equation from pure mathematics means that Schrodinger<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">'s</span> Equation is consistent with the laws of logic and therefore of mathematics. <u>Well I should hope so!!</u> There are an infinite number of things that are consistent with the laws of mathematics and Schrodinger's Equation happens to be one of them. But Schrodinger's equation is also consistent with the laws of physics, and that could <u>NOT</u> have been predicted from just the laws of mathematics.</b></font></div><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><b><br></b></font></div><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><b><br></b></font><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"></font><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>A muon is identical to an electron except that it's 207 times more massive and it only lives for 2 *10^-6 seconds before decaying, and a tau particle is identical to a muon except that it's 3477 times more massive than an electron and it only lives for 2.9*10*-13 seconds; and both the muon and the tau have their own special type of neutrino associated with them. As far as we know none of those 4 particles plays an important part in the operation of the universe; as one scientist famously asked "who ordered that?".</b></font></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>But can these 3 energy states for half-spin particles be removed without making the laws themselves more complex?</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>The answer is probably yes.<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span>It is a fact that the law<span class="gmail_default" style="">s of physics were simpler before the muon and the tau were discovered, we had to make them more complex to account for these extremely rare things, and as far as we know the universe could've gotten along just fine without them. </span> </b></font></div><div> </div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><b><span class="gmail_default">>> It also cannot explain why there is an arrow of time other than to say it's because the universe started out in a very low entropy state, but why it started out in such a low state today's physics can't say. </span></b></font></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><font size="4"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>There is another answer hardly anyone pays any attention to, which does not require the universe to begin in a low entropy state. It requires only that the maximum entropy state at a given period of time, increases more <u>quickly</u> than the universe can reach equilibrium with that maximum entropy state.</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>First of all, before you can use a word like "quickly" in your answer you've got to explain why time has the fundamental properties that it has. And it's easy to understand why tomorrow the universe will be in a higher entropy state than it is today, it's because tomorrow will be <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">in a </span>different state than it is today (otherwise <span class="gmail_default" style="">"</span>today<span class="gmail_default" style="">"</span> and <span class="gmail_default" style="">"</span>tomorrow<span class="gmail_default" style="">"</span> would mean the same thing) and there are vastly more ways something can be disordered than ways than can be ordered. </b></font></div><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><br></b></font></div><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>But by using the exact same logic you must conclude that yesterday the universe was in a higher entropy state than it is today, and that is not true. You need to add another axiom<span class="gmail_default" style=""> to explain why there is an arrow of time</span>, one that cannot be deduced from pure mathematics,<span class="gmail_default" style=""> and it is</span> "<i>the universe started out in a low entropy state, lower than anything that has occurred since</i>".</b></font></div><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Note that this happens naturally in an expanding universe.</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>That is one possible result of <span class="gmail_default" style="">a</span> universe starting out in a low entropy state.<span class="gmail_default" style=""> </span> </b></font></div><div><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>It is neither scientific nor unscientific, and it is not an attitude, it's simply acknowledging the undeniable logical FACT that it's impossible to provide an answer if you don't know the question. </b></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>I have a clear list of questions. You think they're unanswerable,</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>I don't know if those questions <span class="gmail_default" style="">are </span>answerable<span class="gmail_default" style=""> or not, but I do know that you wouldn't have found your list of questions if you hadn't had access to physical reality and knew nothing but pure mathematics. </span></b></font></div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>we can justify a belief in a mathematical reality empirically, by seeing what predictions such an ontology implies for our observations, and comparing those predictions against what we see.</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Quantum <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">M</span>echanics wasn't discovered<span class="gmail_default" style=""> by somebody deriving it from pure mathematics, everybody was satisfied with Newtonian physics and Maxwell's equations </span>until technology improved enough that we could perform experiments that we were unable to do before and we started to get some very weird results<span class="gmail_default" style="">. </span><span class="gmail_default" style=""> Max Planck, the guy who invented the quantum in 1900, said he did it in an act of desperation because it was the only thing that enabled him to make predictions, and even then he thought it was just a mathematical trick and did not indicate anything physical; it wasn't until Einstein's 1905 paper on the Photoelectric Effect (the thing that got him the Nobel prize) did it become clear that the quantum was physical and not just a mathematical artifact. </span></b></font></div><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style=""> John K Clark</span></b></font></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div dir="auto"><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><b><br></b></font><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default">Also, consider a mathematical model of a hurricane and a real physical hurricane, is the physical hurricane modeling the mathematical representation or is the mathematical representation modeling the physical hurricane? </span></b></font><b style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:large"><span class="gmail_default"> You'd expect the real deal to be more complex than a mere model, so if you're right then the physical hurricane should be simpler than the mathematical model that is running on a computer, but that is not the case. It is never the case, the mathematical model <u>always</u> uses approximations, the physical hurricane never does. </span></b></div><div><b style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:large"><span class="gmail_default"><br></span></b></div><div><br></div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Even large finite numbers can't exist in our heads.<span class="gmail_default"> Computers have calculated 105 trillion digits of π,</span> but if you want to calculate the circumference of the observable universe<span class="gmail_default"> from its radius to the greatest accuracy that physically makes sense, the Planck length, you'd only need the first 62 digits. So I think the 63rd digit has less reality than the 62nd, and the </span>105 trillion<span class="gmail_default">th even less.</span></b></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><br>
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