<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">On Sun, Mar 1, 2026 at 1:26 AM Jason Resch via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:</span></div></div><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div></div><div><font size="4"><b><font face="tahoma, sans-serif"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>Give me a fundamental definition of the word <span class="gmail_default">"</span>time<span class="gmail_default">" or even "change" using just pure mathematics and without using any ideas from physics, I'd really like to hear that! </span></font> </b></font></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>To get something like an "evolving 3 dimensional structure" mathematically, you merely add another dimension, and use that dimension to track how different states of that 3-dimensional structure such that different states of it are different at different positions in that 4th dimension,</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><br></i></font></div><div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><b>They are both dimensions <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">so</span><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> w</span>hy is time different from space?<span class="gmail_default" style=""> When Euclid or Pythagoras wanted to calculate the distance in flat space they didn't need a minus sign, but when Einstein needed to calculate the distance in flat</span> <span style="color:rgb(10,10,10)">Minkowski space<span class="gmail_default" style="">time for special relativity he did need to include a </span></span>minus sign<span class="gmail_default" style="">. How come?</span></b></font></div><font face="georgia, serif" size="4"><i><br></i></font><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>The fundamental difference between a book and a Turing Machine is that one can change but the other cannot, so one can perform a calculation but the other cannot. And that's also why Nvidia is the most valuable company in the world and Penguin Random House<span class="gmail_default"> </span>is not.</b></font></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="">> </span>More attempts at introducing red herrings.</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>If that's the best rebuttal you can come up with then I <span class="gmail_default" style="">guess</span> I<span class="gmail_default" style=""> </span>wo<span class="gmail_default" style="">n that round. </span> </b></font></div><div><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>"It gradually hit me that this illusion of randomness business really wasn’t specific to quantum mechanics at all. Suppose that some future technology allows you to be cloned while you’re sleeping, and that your two copies are placed in rooms numbered 0 and 1. When they wake up, they’ll both feel that the room number they read is completely unpredictable and random."<br>-- Max Tegmark in “Our Mathematical Universe” (2014)</i></font></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>And I agree with<span class="gmail_default"> Tegmark's above statement 100%. What I very strongly disagree with is the statement "<i>it's impossible to predict what number "<u>YOU</u>" will see</i>" is a profundity. </span>It's <span class="gmail_default">a </span>silly <span class="gmail_default">thing</span> to say<span class="gmail_default"> </span>because in this context the word<span class="gmail_default"> "you" is undefined. </span></b></font></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>If you agree with Tegmark, then you agree with Marchal</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"></span><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><b>NO!! The way Marchal threw around personal pronouns made it very clear that the man LITERALLY didn't know what he was talking about, I don't agree with everything Tegmark said in his book but, unlike Marchal, he did LITERALLY understand the words he was using. </b></font></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><i><a href="https://archive.org/details/ourmathematicalu0000tegm/page/194/mode/2up?q=%22It+gradually+hit+me+that+this+illusion+of+randomness%22" target="_blank"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Here is Tegmark</a>. I have highlighted the pronouns for your convenience, since you seem to have missed them:</i></font></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><i><br></i></font></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><i>Page 194 — <b><font color="#0000ff">It</font></b> gradually hit <b><font color="#0000ff">me</font></b> that this illusion of randomness business really wasn’t specific to quantum mechanics at all. Suppose that some future technology allows <b><font color="#0000ff">you</font></b> to be cloned while <b><font color="#0000ff">you</font></b>’re sleeping, and that <b><font color="#0000ff">your</font></b> two copies are placed in rooms numbered 0 and 1 (Figure 8.3). When <b><font color="#0000ff">they</font></b> wake up, <b><font color="#0000ff">they</font></b>’ll both feel that the room number <b><font color="#0000ff">they</font></b> read is completely unpredictable and random. If in the future, it becomes possible for <b><font color="#0000ff">you</font></b> to upload <b><font color="#0000ff">your</font></b> mind to a computer, then what <b><font color="#0000ff">I</font></b>’m saying here will feel totally obvious and intuitive to <b><font color="#0000ff">you</font></b>, since cloning <b><font color="#0000ff">yourself</font></b> will be as easy as making a copy of <b><font color="#0000ff">your</font></b> software. If <b><font color="#0000ff">you</font></b> repeated the cloning experiment from Figure 8.3 many times and wrote down <b><font color="#0000ff">your</font></b> room number each time, <b><font color="#0000ff">you</font></b>’d in almost all cases find that the sequence of zeros and ones <b><font color="#0000ff">you</font></b>’d written looked random, with zeros occurring about 50% of the time.</i></font></div><div><br></div><div><font size="4">Which "you" is Tegmark referring to when he's talking about dozens of clones being duplicated?</font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Tegmark makes it very clear that when he refers to "you" he is referring to anybody or anything that remembers being John Clark before the duplicating process occurred. By contrast Marchal never made it clear what he meant by "you", or much of anything else for that matter. <br></b></font><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><br></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i style=""><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Since you still seem confused, I put this together today, and I think it will help you understand what I mean by "derive"</i></font></div><div><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wHZPpB1QOrQU5HmHVOP-FUIq5NL1WPU3/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wHZPpB1QOrQU5HmHVOP-FUIq5NL1WPU3/view?usp=sharing</i></font></a></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>If 38 pages are needed to explain what you mean by a word as simple as <span class="gmail_default" style="">"</span>derive<span class="gmail_default" style="">" then communicating with you is going to be very difficult. </span></b></font></div> <br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>>> </span>You may also find this useful:<span class="gmail_default"> </span></b></font><br></div><div><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></span></div><div><span class="gmail_default">>> <a href="http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Bekenstein-Hawking_entropy" target="_blank"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Bekenstein-Hawking entropy</b></font></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><i><font face="georgia, serif" size="4"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">></span>It's a broken link,</font></i></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Sorry. Try this:<span class="gmail_default" style=""> </span> </b></font></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><b><a href="http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Bekenstein-Hawking_entropy">http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Bekenstein-Hawking_entropy</a> </b></font></div><div><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>The Bekenstein Bound is a physics law that sets a limit on the maximum amount of information (entropy) that can be contained within a given <u>area</u> (not <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">the </span>volume) of space.<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span>The formula is S ≤ 2πKRE/hc <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span>where R is the radius<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">,</span> E is the total energy (including mass)<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">,</span> and π<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">,</span>K,h and c are all constants. But <u>it's important to understand the difference between the Entropy Bound (a container's capacity) and the Actual Entropy (how much stuff is actually inside the container</u>). </b></font></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><i><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">></span>Yes. But note the bound is defined by E*R. In other words mass-energy * radius. The larger the radius, even for the same mass-energy, the higher the bound is.</font></i></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><span class="gmail_default" style=""><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"></font><font size="4" style="" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>T</b></font></span><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>he larger an area <span class="gmail_default" style="">(not the volume) </span>that encloses a <span class="gmail_default" style="">sphere</span><span class="gmail_default" style=""> the larger the maximum amount of information that can be encoded on its surface</span>,<span class="gmail_default" style=""> but that just tells you the </span><span style="color:rgb(10,10,10)">Bekenstein <span class="gmail_default" style="">B</span>ound<span class="gmail_default" style="">, the maximum amount that could be stored, </span></span></b><b style="">it doesn't tell you how much information is actually <span class="gmail_default" style="">stored.</span> <span class="gmail_default" style="">T</span>o know that you not only need to know the area of a sphere you also have to know the mass of it.</b></font></div><div><br></div> <br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>A large, spread-out cloud of gas has a very high Entropy Bound because its large area is capable of holding a lot of information, a.k.a. entropy, but its Actual Entropy could be quite low if <span class="gmail_default">mass of </span>the gas is <span class="gmail_default">small</span> and smoothly distributed. A <span class="gmail_default">B</span>lack <span class="gmail_default">H</span>ole of the same mass has a much lower Entropy Bound <span class="gmail_default">than the</span> large cloud<span class="gmail_default"> </span>because <span class="gmail_default">its</span> radius R is small<span class="gmail_default"> and thus so is its area,</span> BUT small though it is<span class="gmail_default"> the Black Hole</span> has maxed out that bound. So <u>if you want a given amount of mass to encode as much information as is physically possible then you'll need to concentrate that mass until it turns into a <span class="gmail_default">B</span>lack <span class="gmail_default">H</span>ole</u>.</b></font></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><br></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font face="georgia, serif" size="4"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>You are missing a key qualifier (added in blue):</i></font></div><div><font face="georgia, serif" size="4"><i>"if you want a given amount of mass to encode as much information <b><font color="#0000ff">into a given volume</font></b> as is physically possible then you'll need to concentrate that mass until it turns into a Black Hole."</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>If <span class="gmail_default" style="">a</span> given area<span class="gmail_default" style=""> of a sphere (NOT its VOLUME) encodes as much information as is physically possible on the sphere's surface then</span> it's as massive as a black hole<span class="gmail_default" style=""> because it is a black hole. </span></b></font></div><div><br></div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Note that two atoms can encode more information than exists in a stellar black hole, so long as you have unlimited volume in which to place them.</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div> </div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="">T</span>wo atoms <span class="gmail_default" style="">in an </span>unlimited volume<span class="gmail_default" style=""> cannot form a black hole, they'd need to be placed ridiculously close to each other. And a </span> stellar black hole<span class="gmail_default" style=""> has far more than two atoms worth of mass-energy .</span></b></font></div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>the current entropy of our universe remains far below its maximum possible entropy.</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Good thing to<span class="gmail_default" style="">o,</span> maximum possible entropy<span class="gmail_default" style=""> will</span><span class="gmail_default" style=""> only occur at the heat death of the universe. </span></b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style=""><br></span></b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="">John K Clark</span></b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style=""><br></span></b></font></div><div><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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