<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">On Sat, Mar 21, 2026 at 3:02 PM Jason Resch via extropy-chat <</span><a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org" target="_blank" style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">> wrote:</span></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b> <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>If things are realistic then you automatically get <span class="gmail_default">c</span>ounterfactual <span class="gmail_default">d</span>efiniteness. But in light of the experimental fact that Bell's Equality is violated, there is no way to explain how counterfactual definiteness could exist unless things are realistic.</b></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>It's easy: Add the realism of a multiverse.</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="">The</span> <span class="gmail_default" style="">U</span>niversal <span class="gmail_default" style="">W</span>ave <span class="gmail_default" style="">F</span>unction<span class="gmail_default" style=""> (also called the Multiverse) is as far as you can get from something that exists in one and only one definite state (a.k.a. Realism) as it is possible to be. </span> </b></font></div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"></font><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>CFD means the ability to speak meaningfully about the definiteness of the results of measurements that have not been performed; but the experimental fact that Bell's Inequality is violated tells us that it would be impossible to explain how CFT could be true <u>unless either realism or locality did not exist</u>. </b></font></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>So far, creative people have identified 3 outs to explain Bell's inequalities. Any *one* of these is sufficient:</i></font></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>1. FTL non-local influences (spooky action)</i></font></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>2. Abandon the notion that experiments result in unique outcomes, in other words, drop CFD (many worlds)</i></font></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>3. Assume nature conspires to force us to measure only those things that maintain the illusion of Bell statistics (hidden variables+super determinism)</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif"><font size="4"><b>I think explanation <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">#2</span> is the best but<span class="gmail_default" style=""> both e</span>xplanations<span class="gmail_default"> #1 and #2 are worth considering, however it would be absolutely impossible to find anything sillier than explanation #3; assuming that "silly" is a property that grows linearly with the distance it is from what</span></b></font></font><b style="font-size:large;font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><span class="gmail_default"> Occam's Razor would recommend. </span></b></div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>According to <span class="gmail_default">Many</span> <span class="gmail_default">W</span>orlds the moon exists,<span class="gmail_default"> <u>but</u> NOT in one and only one definite state. S</span>ince <span class="gmail_default">the moon's</span> creation 4.5 billion years ago<span class="gmail_default"> there has not been one nanosecond when something wasn't observing it, because any change it produces is an observation, and the moon is constantly making a lot of changes: for example in the tides the Moon produces on the Earth by gravitation, and in the photons of light that bounce off the moon's surface and hit the Earth. So a sphere centered on the moon with a radius of 4.5 billion light years is not and has never been in one and only one definite state. </span></b></font></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>There is the bird's-eye-view of reality, in which there is one state of the universal wave function,</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>In order to obtain that "<i>bird's-eye-view</i>" it would be necessary to, not just step out of the universe but step out of the Multiverse which by definition contains EVERYTHING, therefore it is a view from a point that <u style="">does not <span class="gmail_default" style="">and can not </span>exist</u>. That would be true even if you don't take Quantum Mechanics into account which of course you must. </b></font></div><div class="gmail_quote"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><br></b></font></div><div class="gmail_quote"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>And a thought experiment that would be impossible to perform even in theory is of no use except to prove that the conditions specified by the thought experiment can not exist; for example when Einstein imagined what a light beam would look like if he was traveling at the speed of light and realized what he saw would violate Maxwell's Equations. To remain compatible with Maxwell he needed to hypothesize that it was impossible for anything that has mass to travel at the speed of light, and that light must always travel at a constant speed.</b></font><br><div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b> </b></font></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>and then there is the frog's-eye-view of reality, within any particular branch. This is why Everett named his theory "relative state" rather than "many worlds<span class="gmail_default" style="">"</span>.</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">That's probably because of<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span>John Wheeler, Everett's thesis advisor, made him cut out about half the stuff in his original 137 page thesis and tone down the language so it didn't sound like he thought all those other universes were equally real when in fact he did. For example, Wheeler didn't like the word "split" and was especially uncomfortable with talk of conscious observers splitting, most seriously he made him remove the entire chapter on information and probability which today many consider the best part of the work. His long thesis was not published until 1973, if that version had been </span>published in 1957 instead of the truncated Bowdlerized version things would have been different; plenty of people would still have disagreed but he would not have been ignored for as long as he was.</b></font></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span id="m_-25542294390056011m_4242842034870141908gmail-docs-internal-guid-7791f074-7fff-ed62-5c37-ca125a173b87"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><br></b></font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>According to<span class="gmail_default" style=""> </span>Everett': "<i style="">the splitting of observers share an identity because they stem from a common ancestor, but they also embark on different fates in different universes. They experience different lifespans, dissimilar events and at some point are no longer the same person, even though they share certain memory records</i>." Everett says that when an observer splits it is meaningless to ask "<i style="">which of the final observers corresponds to the initial one since each possesses the total memory of the first</i>" he says it is as foolish as asking which amoeba is the original after it splits into two. Wheeler made him remove all such talk of amebas from his published short thesis<span class="gmail_default" style="">, the one that earned him a PhD in physics. </span></b></font></span></p></div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>I consider what you said in this thread to be a defense of realism: <a href="https://groups.google.com/g/everything-list/c/uYohmetzOFo/m/rRouLHV3CAAJ" target="_blank">https://groups.google.com/g/everything-list/c/uYohmetzOFo/m/rRouLHV3CAAJ</a></i></font></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>In particular, you say: "Everett says everything allowed by Schrodinger's wave equation is physically real, and equally so, and things forbidden by Schrodinger are not." and "For me the idea that when I turn my head to look at the moon the universe splits into one where I'm looking at the moon and into another where I'm not is crazy, but the idea that the moon isn't real when I'm not looking at it is even crazier."</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><b>I stand by what I wrote<span class="gmail_default" style="">, although I don't see how that was a defense of Realism. At the time I was thinking about what Niels Bohr said to another physicist "<i>your theory is crazy, but is it crazy enough to be true?</i>". Quantum mechanics is inherently crazy, no interpretation is ever going to make it intuitive. If I was betting I'd give Many Worlds about a 70% chance of being largely correct, but if it's wrong then something even crazier is true. </span></b></font></div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i style=""><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span> MWI recovers a notion of realism </i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style=""><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"></font><font size="4" style="" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>No. Since the moon was created 4.5 billion years ago it has continuously existed because something has been continually observing it, using the MWI definition of the word "observing " . And if you are not looking at the moon right now then for you the moon exists but it does not exist in one and only one definite state.</b></font></div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><i><font face="georgia, serif" size="4"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Certainly, one's notion of realism shifts under MWI, from a belief in a single branch, to one of a multiverse, but the only thing that has changed is what we believe is real. We have not abandoned the notion of a reality that exists independently of observers or observation. This, to me, is realism.</font></i></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>That depends on what you mean by <span class="gmail_default" style="">"</span>observer<span class="gmail_default" style="">"</span> <span class="gmail_default" style="">and</span> <span class="gmail_default" style="">"</span>observation<span class="gmail_default" style="">". Many Worlds has provided precise definitions of those words, you need to do the same.</span></b></font></div><div> </div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>>>> </span>The Many Worlds idea is consistent if the split (a.k.a. change) happens instantaneously, but it also remains consistent if the split only propagates at the speed of light. </b></font></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>>> </span>I'm not sure about that. The Schrodinger equations doesn't contain anything moving faster than c, so why should we assume that?</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>For one thing because the speed of light does not even show up in Schrodinger's Equation, but also because no one has even proposed an experiment, much less actually performed it, that could determine if the split occurs instantaneously or if it propagates only at the speed of light. Many Worlds does not need to make the assumption that the split occurs at the speed of light, nor does it need to make the assumption that the split occurs instantaneously, it works fine either way.</b></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>It seems foolhardy to abandon locality, </i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>If that's the way you feel then don't abandon locality, Many Worlds has no objection<span class="gmail_default" style=""> if you embrace locality</span>. As I keep telling you, there is no disputing matters of taste. </b></font><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><i style="font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:large"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>and include FTL violations of relativity when the theory doesn't demand it.</i></blockquote><div><br></div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><b>That sort of non-locality<span class="gmail_default" style=""> would violate Special Relativity but <u>NOT</u> General Relativity because information still cannot be transmitted faster than light, and General Relativity supersedes Special Relativity. </span> </b></font><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="">> "</span>Thus the splitting is a local process, transmitted<span class="gmail_default" style=""> </span>causally at light or sub-light speeds."</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Nobody thinks <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">the split</span> happens at <span class="gmail_default" style="">s</span>ub<span class="gmail_default" style="">-</span>light speed<span class="gmail_default" style="">. And even in theory no experiment can differentiate between the split happening at lightspeed and the split happening instantaneously. Many Worlds is perfectly happy either way. </span> </b></font></div><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>>></span>You used to say MWI was non-local.</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>I don't remember saying that<span class="gmail_default">. </span></b></font></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Here are some examples:</i></font></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><a href="https://groups.google.com/g/foar/c/YbnK-JjEhEg/m/q1k7SrFcBgAJ" target="_blank">https://groups.google.com/g/foar/c/YbnK-JjEhEg/m/q1k7SrFcBgAJ</a> (2015)</i></font></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>"And yes I know it's easy to find people on the web saying MWI is local, but I think they have an excess of excrement."</i></font></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><br></i></font></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><a href="https://groups.google.com/g/everything-list/c/ei4cdtsz388/m/_urzKnyNAwAJ" target="_blank">https://groups.google.com/g/everything-list/c/ei4cdtsz388/m/_urzKnyNAwAJ</a> (2018)</i></font></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>"What is more non-local than another universe?"</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>In my defense, that was <span class="gmail_default" style="">11</span> years ago,<span class="gmail_default" style=""> and I like to think I've learned a little bit more since then and obtained a slightly more nuanced view. </span> </b></font></div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><span class="gmail_default" style=""><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"></font><font size="4" style="" face="georgia, serif"><i style="">> </i></font></span><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i>This is not a critique; I find it great whenever someone's position evolves.</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Thank you.<span class="gmail_default" style=""> </span> </b></font></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="">> </span>But I wanted to point out that you previously used to say MWI was non-local.</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>And I still believe you can think of it as being non-local if you like, it's just that you can also think of it as being local, it makes no difference<span class="gmail_default" style=""> to Many Worlds.</span></b></font></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Strictly speaking MW is realistic regarding the wave function</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>I'm not sure how something that is constantly changing as rapidly as is physically possible<span class="gmail_default"> could be said to be existing in one and only one definite state. </span> </b></font></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Nothing about realism implies things can't change.</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><b>Realism demands<span class="gmail_default" style=""> that an unobserved thing exists in one and only one definite state, but the Multiverse is just another name for the Universal Wavefunction, </span> <span class="gmail_default" style="">and</span> it is constantly evolving deterministically<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">.</span><span class="gmail_default" style=""> That's true for any wave, for example, </span>the phase of a circularly polarized beam of light is constantly changing as a function of both time and position along its path.</b></font></div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>></span>An understanding of relativity is necessary but not sufficient to understand the universe,<span class="gmail_default"> you also need to understand quantum mechanics. </span> </b></font></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>So what do we get when we assume both are true?</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Nobody knows.<span class="gmail_default" style=""> Uniting General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics so they don't contradict each other is by far the greatest unsolved problem in physics. </span> </b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><br></b></font></div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><font size="4"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">>> </span>I like Occam's Razor so </b></font><b style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">I prefer <span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">a</span> theory that needs the fewest assumptions. Just like Many Worlds<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">,</span> Pilot Wave needs Schrodinger's <span class="gmail_default">E</span>quation but it also needs another equation that is even more complex, the pilot wave equation, and to this day nobody has been able to make a version of it that is compatible with special relativity; Paul Dirac<span class="gmail_default"> was able to produce a version of </span>Schrodinger's <span class="gmail_default">E</span>quation<span class="gmail_default"> that was compatible with Special Relativity way back in 1927. </span></b></font></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Shouldn't Dirac's equation imply that MW is local? Would it not forbid FTL propagations of influences?</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="">P</span>aul <span class="gmail_default" style="">D</span>irac<span class="gmail_default" style=""> was perhaps the most skilled mathematician of any physicist of his day but he was </span></b></font><b style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:large"><span class="gmail_default">notorious for being uninterested in philosophy. His new equation was able to make correct predictions about how experiments would turn out that were impossible to make before, and as far as he was concerned that was enough. And the answer to your question depends on what you mean by "influences". Dirac's Equation forbids the sort of influences that can be used to transmit information, but not the sort that can't be. </span></b></div><div><b style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:large"><span class="gmail_default"><br></span></b></div><div><b style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:large"><span class="gmail_default"> John K Clark</span></b></div><div><b style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:large"><span class="gmail_default"><br></span></b></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><br></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div>
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