<div dir="auto"><div><br><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Mar 22, 2026, 6:11 AM Ben Zaiboc via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">I thought it might be worth giving a background to my answers to certain questions, as they seem to be less obvious than I think they should be.<br>
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As far as I understand, we have a number of mental models that implement 'theory of mind': the ability to predict what other people are thinking, so as to better anticipate their actions. You could think of these as being models of other people. At some point in our evolution, we developed a model like this that was used to refer to 'this person' (the system containing the model), rather than others, so it became self-referential. This is what we call self-awareness, and leads us to say things like 'me', 'my mind', etc., and to regard ourselves as a distinct individual. (Maybe this is the answer to the question "How do I know I am me?").<br></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Yes, words like me, now, and here, are all self-referential, or rather indexical. They are also are apt to lead to illusions whenever one believes they represent some privileged aspect of reality rather than just one of many equally valid frames.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">If you think "this branch" of the multiverse is the only real one (all the others collapsed and ceased to be because you no longer see them) that leads to the illusion of wave function collapse and the Copenhagen interpretation (or other single universe maintaining interpretations).</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Seeing through this illusion of a privileged here leads to the idea of a multiverse where all "heres" are equally valid real, and represent there own here to those finding themselves in them.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Likewise if you think "this time" in history is the only real one (the others ceased to be in the past, or remain in an unrealized future) this leads to the illusion of presentism.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Seeing through this illusion of a privileged now leads to the idea that all "points in time" are equally real, and every point in time is its own now to those finding themselves in them.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Finally, if you think "this consciousness experience I find myself in" (my body, my mind, my conscious state) is the only "me" and all the rest are others who are not you, this leads to the illusion of some unique transtemporal identity marker tied to some particular body/mind, i.e. closed individualism.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Seeing through this illusion that there's some transtemporal identity marker privileging some perspectives as me, and others as not me, leads to the idea that all conscious experiences are equally mine since every experience is felt as though it is mine to those finding themselves within that conscious state.</div><div dir="auto"></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">If Occam is your guiding principle, note that in every case we dispense with an indexical illusion, we eliminate assumptions and simplify the theory.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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"My personal identity" is another, more long-winded, way of saying the same thing: It's a way of referring to ourselves.<br>
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So if we have a Philosophy of mind, it will naturally include this concept of personal identity, or self. There's no need for an additional Philosophy to just deal with that single aspect of minds. We don't have an additional 'philosophy of memory', and a 'philosophy of attention', 'philosophy of sensory perception', etc., etc., just as we have Geology instead of a collection of '-ologys' dealing separately with mountains, rivers, seabeds, alluvial plains, etc.<br>
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Creating an extra, unnecessary field of philosophy for this particular aspect of the mind but not others, strikes me as motivated by dualism. I'm inclined to label it as a type of crypto-dualism.<br></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Whether you acknowledge it or not, having a position in philosophy of personal identity is unavoidable, once one commits to an opinion on whether or not you survive any particular scenario.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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Just because it's a part of the mind that we are all aware of, and maybe give more prominence to than, say, memory mechanisms, is no more reason to treat it separately than the fact that mountains are tall is a reason to create a separate field of study for them, away from the rest of geology.<br></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">What tends to keep anything in philosophy is a lack of decisive empirical experiments. In such cases, philosophy can be thought of like math: state assumptions (like axioms in math) and then see what deductions can be drawn (like proofs in math) and see if they lead to any absurdities (like contradictions in math).</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">It is a very different approach from empiricism, but there are some questions that empiricism can't settle.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Just a few examples:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">- Do people refer to the same things (same "qualia") when they refer to things like colors and tastes?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">- How do we (or can we) know what we take to be reality is physical reality or a simulation?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">- Can other material substrates support conscious states or do they result in unconscious automatons that merely act conscious without being so?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"></div><div dir="auto">These are situations are beyond empirical tests because they are all tied to limitations following from the subjective/objective divide. If we want to deal with such questions we therefore must turn to other methods. It can be uncomfortable for strong empiricists to even acknowledge the legitimacy of such questions or the utility of other methods. But that doesn't stop the questions from existing, or mattering to some people.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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There is no ghost in the machine, there's just the machine, so we do need to study machines, and we don't need to study ghosts.<br>
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If you feel the need for a philosophy (rather than just being guided by what neuroscience is clearly telling us, which seems to me to be the sensible thing to do), then philosophy of mind is the one to take notice of, the other one is not needed, and as far as I can see, full of ghostly nonsense.<br></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Once all ghosts are exorcised, when there are no physical facts, nor any further facts to maintain some notion of a unique identity over time, then it follows that all occurrances of minds, in whatever material, place, or time, and having whatever content of experience, minds are then simply raw conscious states which can be (and should be) regarded as self.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Based on everything you have said about minds and illusory notion of self, I think your position fits best with open individualism, though I don't think you'll ever admit that.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Jason</div></div>