<div dir="auto"><div><br><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, May 21, 2026, 7:48 AM John Clark <<a href="mailto:johnkclark@gmail.com">johnkclark@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">On Wed, May 20, 2026 at 9:37 AM Jason Resch via extropy-chat <</span><a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org" style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">> wrote:</span></div></div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"></div><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>It's already fallen over 93% to 3.125 bitcoins per block, from it's initial 50. That has accordingly made Bitcoin use 93% less electricity than miners would otherwise be spending on it.</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Your logic is correct but your conclusion is incorrect because you're<span class="gmail_default"> </span>starting with a faulty premise. The dollar value of the block reward is what matters to miners, NOT the bitcoin quantity.</b></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The value of (and therefore the maximum energy cost miners will rationally expend in) mining a block is: (Bitcoin price times the number of Bitcoina in the block reward) + transaction fees.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">If the number of Bitcoins in the block reward were still 50 rather than 3.125, the value of mining a block would be mucher higher than it is today it is today and therefore Bitcoin's energy demand would also be greater.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Since Bitcoin's price can't continue to double every four years for the next 106 years, it's total energy cost will decrease in the future.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b> In 2012 the block reward was 50 bitcoins which were in total worth about $650, by 2016 25 bitcoins were worth about $16,000, and today just 3.125 bitcoins are worth well over a quarter of a million dollars. That's why in the early days bitcoin could be mined on an ordinary laptop using a trivial amount of electricity, but today bitcoin miners must use more electricity than many medium-size countries.</b></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">For how long do you think Bitcoin's price will outpace the halvings of the block reward?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b> </b></font></div><div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"></span><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default">>> </span><span class="gmail_default">t</span>he cost of a 51% attack is proportional to the hash rate<span class="gmail_default"> and that is</span> proportional to how profitable mining is. <span class="gmail_default">So a</span>s block subsidies decline<span class="gmail_default"> m</span>ining becomes less profitable<span class="gmail_default"> and that causes the h</span>ash rate <span class="gmail_default">to</span> drop<span class="gmail_default"> and that causes t</span>he cost of a 51% attack <span class="gmail_default">to become economically viable and that causes one individual to be able to engage in double spending and that causes the complete destruction of any trust the general public had in bitcoin. </span></b></font></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><i><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>A 51% attack isn't very profitable. It allows one person to temporarily double spend their own bitcoins that they already have, and that is for someone who only waits 10 minutes to confirm a transaction,<span class="gmail_default"> </span>for every additional 10 minutes they wait it becomes twice as difficult to perform that attack.</font></i></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>10 minutes is a long time<span class="gmail_default">, more than enough time to do something that would be VERY profitable</span>. A 51% attacker would have <u>at least</u> 10 minutes to deposit $500 million in bitcoins to an exchange, use that to buy $500 million in gold, and <span class="gmail_default">then </span>reverse the transaction<span class="gmail_default">,</span> so he would end up with $500 million in gold <span class="gmail_default">AND</span> still retain <span class="gmail_default">ALL</span> the original<span class="gmail_default"> </span>$500 million of bitcoins<span class="gmail_default">.</span></b></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default"> </span></b></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I was wrong about what I said above about waiting additional 10 minutes for further confirmations. This only provides additional protection against attackers with strictly less than the majority of mining resources. An attacker with the majority of resources could rewrite the chain anytime after they attain and maintain the majority of hash power. But they would be limited in how many changes they could make.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The only guard against this is that it remain more profitable for the miner to collect block rewards and transaction fees than it would be to conduct fraud with the coins at their disposal.</div><div dir="auto"></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default">And that would just be the sideshow, the attacker could also short bitcoin just before the attack and make more money from the ensuing bitcoin price collapse than from the double spending. </span></b></font></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">To get 51% of mining resources today would require about $20 billion in mining equipment if I've done my math correctly. Why hasn't anyone done it yet if they could make so much more by collapsing Bitcoin?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>And in the real world he would almost certainly have longer than 10 minutes because for large transactions most exchanges require at least three confirmations which would mean about 30 minutes. Satoshi's original whitepaper recommended 6 confirmations<span class="gmail_default">,</span> but paradoxically more confirmations help the attacker because it gives him more time.</b></font></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Waiting longer helps when attackers have less than a majority of the hash power, because to reverse six transactions back requires you to find 7 new blocks in the time it takes the rest of the network to find 6.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">If you only had 20% of the network's hash power, the chances of this would be ~(20%)^7</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b> </b></font><div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>It is true that rhodium is rarer and more expensive than gold per ounce, but that's irrelevant to my point. Consider that currently gold is more valuable than platinum (which is significantly rarer). Can you explain why that is?</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Easy.<span class="gmail_default"> </span>Compared to gold<span class="gmail_default"> the supply of platinum is greater than the demand for platinum, and the supply of </span>rhodium <span class="gmail_default">is less than the demand for </span>rhodium<span class="gmail_default">.</span></b></font></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto"></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">It follows then, that if the demand for gold were less (e.g. people had no interest in hoarding it in vaults) it's value would fall. Do you agree?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Jason </div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div></div></div></div>
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