<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, 28 May 2026 at 20:51, Ben Zaiboc via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
How does it conclude that a >50% chance of human-level intelligence existing somewhere other than earth means that we 'may well be' alone?<br>
-- <br>
Ben<br>
_______________________________________________<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><br></div><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">I asked Gemini to explain the percentages and the conclusion.</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">Basically, Gemini said that it is because the maths is working with insufficient information.</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">See full answer below.</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">BillK</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default">Gemini Flash AI 3.5 Extended Thinking - </div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)" class="gmail_default"><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">It comes down to a classic conflict between intuitive gambling and rigorous probability. When people hear there are <span class="gmail-math-inline" style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">10^22</span> planets out there, they intuitively assume that the odds of us being alone must be one in a trillion.</p><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">In that context, a <b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">38% to 51% chance of being completely alone</b> isn't just a minor statistical footnote—it is an existential gut-punch. It means that absolute cosmic solitude is roughly a coin flip.</p><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">To understand why the math supports this, we have to look at how scientific uncertainty completely swallows the gargantuan size of the universe. This mechanism relies on three core concepts.</p><h2 style="font-family:Google Sans,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">1. The Point-Estimate Fallacy (Why the Drake Equation Misleads Us)</h2><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Historically, people tried to estimate the number of intelligent civilizations (<span class="gmail-math-inline" style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">$N$</span>) using the Drake Equation by plugging in single "best-guess" numbers (point estimates) for each factor:</p><div style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><div class="gmail-math-block" style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">N = R_* f_p n_e f_l f_i f_c L</div><div class="gmail-math-block" style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><br></div></div><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">If you guess that the fraction of planets that develop life (<span class="gmail-math-inline" style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">f_l</span>) is 1 in a million, and intelligence (<span class="gmail-math-inline" style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">f_i</span>) is 1 in a million, you still get millions of civilizations because <span class="gmail-math-inline" style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">10^22</span> planets is such a massive starting number.</p><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">But guessing a single number hides our actual ignorance. For factors like the rate of abiogenesis, our scientific uncertainty doesn't span a factor of 2 or 3; it spans <b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">hundreds of orders of magnitude</b>.</p><h2 style="font-family:Google Sans,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">2. Multiplying Uncertainties Creates "Heavy Tails"</h2><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">When modern researchers (like Anders Sandberg, Eric Drexler, and Toby Ord in their seminal paper <i style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">"Dissolving the Drake Equation Paradox"</i>) re-evaluated this math, they didn't use fixed numbers. They used <b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">probability distributions</b> to represent the full scope of human ignorance.</p><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">For example, instead of saying <span class="gmail-math-inline" style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">f_l = 0.01</span>, they acknowledged that based on current chemistry, the true probability could look like a log-uniform distribution anywhere between 1 (inevitable) and <span class="gmail-math-inline" style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">10^-100</span> (virtually impossible).</p><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">When you multiply multiple highly uncertain probability distributions together, the resulting output distribution becomes incredibly wide and heavily skewed. It develops a <b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">"heavy tail."</b></p><h2 style="font-family:Google Sans,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">3. The Concept of "Probability Mass"</h2><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">Because the resulting distribution spans dozens of orders of magnitude, look at what happens when you look at the actual graph of the probabilities:</p><ul style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><li style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">The Mean (Average) is huge:</b> The mathematical average might tell you there are 10 million civilizations in the universe, heavily driven by the extreme right side of the graph (the scenarios where life is incredibly easy).</p></li><li style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">The Median is tiny:</b> Because the distribution is logarithmic, a massive chunk of the actual <b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">probability mass</b> sits on the extreme left side of the graph—where the number of civilizations (<span class="gmail-math-inline" style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">N</span>) is less than 1.</p></li></ul><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">When you integrate the area under that curve, you find that in roughly <b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">38% to 51% of the scientifically plausible universes</b> dictated by our current data, the math spits out a value of <span class="gmail-math-inline" style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">N < 1</span> for the observable universe.</p><h2 style="font-family:Google Sans,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">The Takeaway</h2><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">If we ran a simulation of 100 observable universes based on everything we currently know about physics and biology:</p><ul style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><li style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">In about 50 of them, the universe is teeming with life, and some patches are crowded.</p></li><li style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px"><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">In the other 50, <b style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">the slot machine line-up required for intelligence never hits twice</b>, and a lonely observer sits in the dark on a single planet, wondering where everyone else is.</p></li></ul><p style="font-family:Google Sans Text,sans-serif;line-height:1.15;margin-top:0px">That is why humanity "might well be alone." We aren't fighting against a small number of planets; we are fighting against the terrifyingly vast mathematical abyss of our own chemical and evolutionary ignorance.</p>---------------------------------</div></div></div>